ERC-1155 is a digital token standard created by Enjin that can used to create both fungible (currencies) and non-fungible (digital cards, pets and in-game skins) assets on the Ethereum Network. By using the Ethereum network, ERC-1155 tokens are secure, tradable and immune to hacking. To find out more about the specifications of the ERC-1155 standard, check out EIP 1155.
ERC-1155 a new way of creating tokens that allow for more efficient trades and bundling of transactions – thus saving costs. This token standard allows for the creation of both utility tokens (such as $BNB or $BAT) and also Non-Fungible Tokens like CryptoKitties.
ERC-1155 includes optimizations that allow for more efficient and safer transactions. Transactions could be bundled together – thus reducing the cost of transferring tokens. ERC-1155 builds on previous work such as ERC-20 (utility tokens) and ERC-721 (rare one-time collectibles).
Summary
ERC-1155 tokens were developed by Enjin.
It is a way of creating both fungible (currencies) and non-fungible (digital cards, pets and in-game skins) assets.
They can be used to represent assets or items across Enjin’s ecosystem of blockchain games. So one asset can be used in multiple games.
Most Expensive ERC-1155 Assets in Existence. These are traded on Enjin’s marketplace
What are Fungible vs Non-Fungible vs Semi-Fungible Tokens?
Fungible tokens: ERC-1155 can be used for the creation of fungible tokens- utility coins that act as currency for various platforms. The advantage of ERC-1155 is that it allows the creation of many different tokens under the same contract (with ERC-20, a new contract needs to be deployed for every token). ERC-1155 is more suitable for multi-token economics, for example if a project has one token is designated as a security token (STO) and another Utility token.
Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs): NFTs can take the from of digital collectible cats (such as crypto kitties) or video game weapons. What sets NFTs apart is that each token is unique.
Every Cryptokitty is unique – they cannot be exchange with each other (ie non-fungible)
For example, every cryptokitty is unique with different stripes and patterns. This means that cryptokitties are not “fungible”, and cannot be replaced with one another (imagine if someone swapped your pet cat with another – you’ll notice the difference immediately). When it comes to cryptocurrencies, this property of being unique and not swap-able is called “non-fungible“.
Non-Fungible Tokens Explained
With ERC-1155, NFTs hold unique metadata which can be modified with time. For example, this metadata can hold information about the lineage of a cryptokitty.
An Amazon Gift card could be a “semi-fungible” token
Semi-fungible tokens: This a new type of token that could “seat a concert” or a “$50 dollar Walmart coupon”. In the case of a Walmart coupon, each token is fungible (same as each other) until the token is redeemed or used in store. Once a coupon is redeemed, it no longer holds value and hence shouldn’t be traded as a normal token. In this example, the coupon is “fungible” until it is redeemed (“non-fungible”), hence the name semi-fungible token.
Superior Design
The superior design of ERC-1155 Crypto Items allows for a swap of any amount of tokens in only 2 simple steps (source: EnjinCoin Blog)
Disclaimer: Cryptocurrency trading involves significant risks and may result in the loss of your capital. You should carefully consider whether trading cryptocurrencies is right for you in light of your financial condition and ability to bear financial risks. Cryptocurrency prices are highly volatile and can fluctuate widely in a short period of time. As such, trading cryptocurrencies may not be suitable for everyone. Additionally, storing cryptocurrencies on a centralized exchange carries inherent risks, including the potential for loss due to hacking, exchange collapse, or other security breaches. We strongly advise that you seek independent professional advice before engaging in any cryptocurrency trading activities and carefully consider the security measures in place when choosing or storing your cryptocurrencies on a cryptocurrency exchange.
Enjin is a blockchain gaming platform focused on the creation of digital collectible items that are truly owned by the user. The platform offers methods for creating digital assets (known as ERC1155 tokens) for use across multiple Video Games. Their uses include collectible art or even in-shop coupons. Blockchain gaming allows gamers to have true ownership of their in-game items and trade them for value.
Enjin Platform uses Blockchain technology for these key benefits:
True item ownership – with transactions that cannot be censored powered by the Ethereum blockchain.
Convenient Exchange of value – digital items can be traded or sold instantly. The Enjin Wallet also allows users to access decentralised exchanges such as Kyber Network and Changelly.
Reserve Value – unwanted digital items can be “melted” into the Enjin Coin cryptocurrency.
Single Wallet for all items – the Enjin Wallet users to keep all digital assets in one single location.
ERC-1155 Token Standard – a superior version of the ERC20 and ERC721 token. Its transaction bundling and multi-send features mean it will save users’ costs.
What is Enjin Coin (ENJ)?
Enjin coin’s (ENJ) value comes from its use case as a stored reserve value in every item created on the Enjin Platform. $ENJ is locked up when items are created and released when items are destroyed.
Items store (lock up) a certain amount of ENJ, with items such as the infamous “Monolith” storing 1,155,777 ENJ. ENJ from items can only be extracted by destroying the item (“via the melting process”). This creates a situation where more and more ENJ is locked up and overall supply is reduced as the platform is used by more games.
Popular meme “Melt is Murder” discourages the destruction of items
In terms of economics ENJ is a scarce resource and each game acts as a “value trap” for ENJ – locking up ENJ reserve and increasing the scarcity of $ENJ. With a limited supply of 1,000,000,000 $ENJ, this cryptocurrency acts as a form of “Digital Gold” – its value determined by the dynamics of supply and demand within the game’s ecosystem.
Enjinx showcases all valuable assets and games on the Enjin Plastofrm
Cross-game items – Enjin Multiverse
One of the unique advantages of Blockchain gaming is the ability to create items that can be used across different games by different developers. This means players can carry their items between games like it is a single world (also known as the Multiverse).
Multiverse items are possible because assets are stored on a decentralised blockchain – so independent developers can all access the item. To encourage the development of cross game items, Enjin announced its newest asset the Stormwall. It is an example of what we can expect with its gaming assets. Stormwall is a shield that moves across Enjin’s Multiverse of games.
In the below video we see Stormwall being as a playable item in 32 different games including 9Lives Arena, Age of Rust, Cats in Mechs and more.
Why is a Multiverse Beneficial?
One of the biggest questions asked about cross-game items is – why is it beneficial for game developers and players? For developers, supporting cross-game items mean that they gain the benefits of additional exposure from games participating in the multiverse and increased retention from players who want to test out the item. This is especially important in this age as player attention is extremely valuable and having players “check out” how an items works in a different game drastically improves player interest.
For players, having cross-game items mean that their items are naturally move valuable, especially long term value. This means that the effort used to earn valuable items are not wasted if they can be used in new upcoming games.
The Enjin Coin Ecosystem
Enjin have created an entire ecosystem where you can create, store, trade and use these items.
Enjin Wallet – Cryptocurrency wallet to safely store cryptocurrencies, blockchain gaming assets and exchange value. For more information check our EnjinWallet review.
EnjinX – Blockchain explorer to view transactions and items
Unity Plugin – Allows game developers to directly implement and issue items in games on multiple platforms like iOS, android, PC and MacOS.
Marketplace – buy and list items with the safety of smart contracts that independently facilitate the trade.
The Enjin Ecosystem
Enjin for Mobile Games
One of the biggest use case for non-fungible tokens is in mobile games. Mobile gaming is currently valued at $63.2 billion USD globally and growing on a year by year basis (Source: newzoo). Enjin has a direct partnership with game engine Unity which hosts the Enjin SDK which allows for easy integration of Blockchain assets directly into the game.
Enjin Partnerships
Enjin has a strategic partnerships with increase the rate of adoption of Blockchain Gaming and growth of the ecosystem. On the gaming side there is a partnership is with cross-platform game engine Unity with the introduction of the SDK
Samsung’s s10 presentation at MWC Barcelona 2019 that broke the internet
Enjin has been partnered with smartphone manufacturer Samsung Electronics to as a technology provider. Enjin Wallet directly interacts with the Samsung’s Blockchain Keystore, a trusted zone on new Samsung devices which is specifically designed to key cryptographic private keys safe. Samsung will also support Enjin’s ERC-1155 token standard and increase the adoption of Blockchain based non-fungible tokens.
Enjin and Microsoft Partnership
Microsoft Azure Heroes using Enjin ERC 1155
Microsoft has chosen Enjin as technology provider with the deployment of Azure Heroes, a program that will directly use ERC-1155 non-fungible tokens as a reward. This Blockchain-based reward will be given to contributors who help produce material for the Microsoft Azure platform, with participants given cute badge(r)s. For example, makers that contribute to the developer community or content heroes will be given rare badgers.
These collectable badgers are a proof of achievement as an Azure Hero which you can show off on your social media. As these are tokenized assets on the blockchain, they cannot be faked. So no fake achievements or heroes here!
Enjin Coin (ENJ) is now supported by the Aave Protocol. This means users can deposit ENJ in the Aave Protocol and earn interest whilst others borrow your ENJ. The Aave Protocol protects your deposits as it is controlled by immutable and transparent Ethereum smart contracts. Your ENJ is also secured by other cryptocurrencies left on the Protocol as collateral.
How to connect Enjin Wallet to Aave Protocol
Now with the Enjin-Aave partnership, you can directly interact with the Aave Protocol with your Enjin Wallet (which in our opinion is the best mobile wallet EVER). Here’s how: On the Enjin wallet, go to “DApp Browser”. On the search bar, go to app.aave.com. Click “Browser wallet” and when asked to choose your market, choose “Aave Market”.
Connect Enjin Wallet to Aave Protocol
Enjin and BMW
After much speculation, Enjin has confirmed they are partnering up with BMW to integrate Enjin Coin token swap into BMW’s Vantage App. The Vantage App is a Korean customer loyalty app for car-owners. Users can use the app to pay for goods/services such as gas, highway tolls and parking fees. There will also be referral rewards for dining and shopping.
Purchases on the BMW Vantage app are rewarded with BMW Coins which can be used as spending for various activities and be swapped for ENJ.
Note the token swap feature is not available on the Vantage App yet and according to Enjin, more details will be available once it is live.
Enjin putting property on NFTs with LABS Group partnership
Enjin is helping LABS Group put property on NFTs and the blockchain with its partnership.
LABS Group will be using Enjin’s NFT minting platform to tokenise real estate on the blockchain. LABS Group will be offering fractionalized deeds of real estate for as low as USD$100, allowing retail investors (particularly millennials) to finally enter and invest in the real estate market.
The range of real estate on offer will include buildings, hotel rooms and apartments. Trades will all take place securely through the regulated LABS Security Exchange.
This marks the introduction of blockchain into the world’s oldest and largest asset class, valued at approximately USD$228 trillion.
Enjin enters Japanese cryptocurrency market
Enjin will be the FIRST gaming cryptocurrency to be listed on Japanese cryptocurrency exchanges. And it is going straight for the top with one of the largest cryptocurrency exchanges- Coincheck.
Enjin ($ENJ) will be listed on Coincheck from 26th January 2021.
This is a significant first step for Enjin into the Japanese market. Enjin’s aims are twofold- for ENJ to be approved by Japan’s finance regulators and to promote adoption of the Enjin Platform in the Japanese gaming industry.
This listing was one and a half years in the making, having to pass the rigorous auditing and monitoring of the Japanese Virtual Currency Exchange Association (JVCEA)- formally recognised by Japanese financial regulators, the Japanese Financial Services Agency (FSA). The approval process for cryptocurrencies in Japan is notoriously difficult, with only 15 cryptocurrencies (including Enjin) being approved for listing on Coincheck.
Japan also has a fiercely competitive cryptocurrency exchange market with over 20 exchanges in operation. Coincheck is one of the largest cryptocurrency exchanges in Japan based on volume, founded in 2014 with over 1.7m users and counting, and prides itself on being the top downloaded cryptocurrency app in Japan.
As Enjin now has its foot in the door of the Japanese market, the Enjin team is now in discussions with various domestic companies and projects. With Japan being the pioneers of the gaming world (think Super Mario, Pokemon and Final Fantasy), it will be interesting to see what innovations Enjin can bring to the space.
Does it cost ENJ to transfer tokens on Enjin Chain?
Enjin isn’t a blockchain, rather it’s a project built on Ethereum. In order to transfer Items (non-fungible tokens), you’ll need to use ethereum (similar to how ERC20 tokens work). In the future Enjin is explorer additional scaling options (Efinity) to allow for free item transfers.
What is the most EXPENSIVE item on ENJIN
The Monolith is the most expensive item on ENJIN, with 1,155,777 ENJ locked in the item. At the time of writing, this item is worth $168,000 USD!
What makes ENJIN valuable
ENJIN is a scarce resource, used to lock value into ever item created on the ENJIN platform. This means as time progresses and more games create items on ENJIN, more and more $ENJ will be locked up creating scarcity in supply
Where can I buy Enjin
$Enj is listed on all major exchanges, such as Binance.
Other Resources:
EnjinX – Blockchain explorer that tracks the Ethereum Blockchain, ERC-20 and ERC-1155 items Egamers – Enjin Games news website Everything Enjin – Great site covering Enjin Related News Multiverse Era – Telegram Channel about the Enjin Multiverse Castle Crypto – Coverage of Enjin games AsiaCryptoToday – cover of Enjin Platform
Disclaimer: Cryptocurrency trading involves significant risks and may result in the loss of your capital. You should carefully consider whether trading cryptocurrencies is right for you in light of your financial condition and ability to bear financial risks. Cryptocurrency prices are highly volatile and can fluctuate widely in a short period of time. As such, trading cryptocurrencies may not be suitable for everyone. Additionally, storing cryptocurrencies on a centralized exchange carries inherent risks, including the potential for loss due to hacking, exchange collapse, or other security breaches. We strongly advise that you seek independent professional advice before engaging in any cryptocurrency trading activities and carefully consider the security measures in place when choosing or storing your cryptocurrencies on a cryptocurrency exchange.
“Plus Token” was a cryptocurrency Ponzi scheme disguised as a high-yield investment program. Platform administrators closed down the operation in June of 2019. Fraudsters abandoned the scheme by withdrawing over $3 Billion dollars in Cryptocurrencies (Bitcoin, Ethereum, and EOS) and leaving the message “sorry we have run“. This has led to an international manhunt for the platform administrators and creators of Plus Token. Plus token has been blamed for causing Bitcoin prices to fall in 2019 as stolen funds were sold via Bitcoin OTCs.
PlusToken had a major following in Korea and China – especially among investors not familiar with cryptocurrencies. Plus token was a High Yield investment program that offered massive rewards on “investment” to unsuspecting victims in China and Korea. The scheme offered 9% to 18% monthly returns on investment – with larger investments getting more rewards. This type is similar to other High Yield investment programs like “Bitconnect” which collapsed in January of 2018.
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How did the Plus Token Ponzi Scheme Work?
Plus Token is a classic Ponzi scheme it lures unsuspecting victims to invest with promises of high returns and low investments. Plus Token maintained an illusion of sustainable business by pretending the funds are used to develop cryptocurrency-related products such as the Plus Token Wallet and Exchange. However, returns are generated by dividing more recent investments to pay off older members. The illusion of a sustainable business is what classifies this as a Ponzi Scheme, as victims actually believe that they are investing in a business that generates high returns.
Plus Token also had a strong referral element, which gave huge bonuses to any member who referred friends and family into the scheme. Investors were divided into 4 “tiers”, according to how much they invested and how many other referrals they can make. This meant the more a member referred, the exponentially higher the return. Members started to refer their friends and family to invest in large sums of cryptocurrencies including Bitcoin, Ethereum, EOS, and Litecoin.
How did it become so popular?
Plus Token relied heavily in conferences and meetups to promote the token. The following video is taken at a Plus token gathering.
Early signs of trouble started surfacing in June of 2019 as users started reporting delays in fund withdraws. Some took to complain on the Chinese social media site “Weibo” citing that they were unable to receive funds despite writing for 35 hours after submitting withdrawal requests (Source Blocktempo).
Initially, Plus token blamed on “higher miner fees” for the withdrawal delays. They claimed the sent transactions with 1 sat /byte, leading to long delays on the Bitcoin Blockchain. Plus token supporters avidly as their followers to “believe” in the system and disregard the “false information”.
Ring Leaders tried to convince the community that Plus Token will come back.
Scammers: “Sorry We have run”
As funds began moving, one of the transactions carried the note “Sorry, we have run” as a comment to the transaction. This really needs no explanation – organisers of the scam have initiated their exit strategy and fled the country.
109 members of Plus Token scam have been arrested
Reports from Chinese news outlet CLS on 30th July 2020 reported that 109 individuals have been arrested in connection with the PlusToken scheme by the Ministry of Public Security. These include all 27 primary suspects thought to be responsible for the scam and another 82 core members.
Is Plus Token still scamming users?
On 29th April 2020, there were screenshots of the PlusToken app circulating on Chinese social media of a supposed notice announcing that version 3.0 beta of the app is now online. Subsequently, on 4th May 2020, a further notice was issued by the PlusToken team saying that version 3.0 beta will undergo compatibility synchronization and will stop all transaction functions. The notice further added that once this version is live, some eligible users will receive a reward. However, it seems more like an effort by PlusToken’s ringleaders to placate those who have invested by giving them hope that the project may return.
Tip of the Iceberg
PlusToken can be seen as the tip of the Iceberg as there are many other very similar crypto Ponzi schemes and scams. These include Cloud Token, S Block, and other cloud “mining” tokens. At the end of the day, tokens that ‘guarantee’ high returns without a clear and audit-able business plan should generate red flags.
Laundering stolen funds into exchanges
Luckily research is being down to track wallets known to be associated with Plus Token (8btc.com, @doveywan, @PeckShield). Work done by @PeckShield has shown funds moving from large wallets (~5000+ Bitcoin) to smaller wallets, and eventually into cryptocurrency exchanges. Due to the large sums of cryptocurrencies moved and actively being sold off – Plus Token played a role in dropping the price of Bitcoin.
Known amounts scammed – List sum of BTC from identified and tracked addresses. Reports have been circulating that up to ~1% of the entire Bitcoin supply is involved in the scam. Currently more wallets are being added to this list.
Plus Token Sell-offs Responsible for Bitcoin Price Drop?
Since as early as August 2019, Chinese cryptocurrency trading groups have already been circulating that due to the sheer amount involved, the scammers trying to dispose of the ill-gotten Bitcoin are pushing prices downward. And this price dump halted on 15th August 2019, coincidentally when Binance was suspended for trading because of a system upgrade.
In late November 2019, this issue was again brought to the forefront when Twitter user Ergo reported having traced 187,000 BTC of the approximately 200,000 BTC attributed to PlusToken’s investors. As to these funds, Ergo found they were “shuffled” (albeit badly, if at all) and gradually sent to various cryptocurrency exchanges and OTC brokers, primarily Huobi, for sale on the market.
I’ve been seeing a lot of Twitter FUD opining on miner capitulation in the last few days.
This got me thinking… could the selling by the PlusToken scammers have had an abnormal effect on this market cycle? pic.twitter.com/VZGjyQAxaF
Ergo predicts that if all the “mixed” funds were sold from August to November 2019, it would average out to be around 1,300 BTC sold per day. This could lead people to think it would have an effect on Bitcoin prices, which has fallen from USD $9,981.41 on 1st August 2019 to USD $7,182.89 on 4th December 2019.
Based on Ergo’s estimates of the amounts sold daily, the sell-off of the remaining 58,000 BTC or so Plus Token funds would continue for another 1.5 to 2 months.
In an apparent pattern, PlusToken scammers move their funds when BTC prices experience volatility. Such was the case on 11th February 2020, when Bitcoin trading at around USD $9,800, almost 12,000 BTC (worth around USD $118 million) from one of the addresses associated with the Plus Token funds were moved and split amongst various other wallets.
On 7th March 2020, Bitcoin was again trading at over USD $9,000. Again, Plus Token funds were being funneled through mixing services. This time, Twitter user ErgoBTC noticed that a total of 13,000 BTC (worth around USD $210 million) was involved. Analysts such as Kevin Svenson believe the scammers were “slamming the market with sell orders” every time Bitcoin prices went up so as to unload the funds.
Is there a pattern to the movement of funds associated with Plus Token?
According to ErgoBTC, the movement of funds to exchanges took a bit of a break from mid-March to early May 2020. Movement to exchanges has since then resumed and around 300-500 BTC/day is being moved to exchanges.
On 22nd June 2020, Twitter user Whale Alert found over 26 million EOS (worth over USD$67mil) had been transferred from a wallet associated with PlusToken to an unknown wallet, prompting cryptocurrency traders to go on high alert for potential downward price movement for EOS.
🚨 🚨 🚨 🚨 🚨 🚨 26,316,339 #EOS (67,139,663 USD) transferred from PlusToken to unknown wallet
Indeed on 24th June 2020 we did see a marked dip in EOS prices, though it cannot be confirmed that this was due to a sale of the PlusToken funds.
EOS prices from 22 to 26 Jun 2020
Only a matter of a few days later on 24th June 2020, Whale Alert found another huge chunk of PlusToken funds, this time over 789,000 ETH (worth over USD$187 million) had been transferred from a PlusToken wallet to a new address, and yet again to another unknown address.
🚨 🚨 🚨 🚨 🚨 🚨 🚨 🚨 🚨 🚨 789,534 #ETH (187,847,558 USD) transferred from PlusToken to unknown wallet
These funds were then further split into multiple unknown addresses of varying amounts.
Twitter user ErgoBTC, who has been following the movement of the PlusToken funds observes that the ETH that was recently transferred is the remainder of PlusToken’s unmixed coins which are now being moved to mixers. The purpose of this is to cloud the movement history of the PlusToken funds, so that they can avoid being flagged by exchanges when they are eventually sold on the market.
With all the excitement, a short update on their BTC is warranted.
We have also seen just about all of the remaining unmixed coins ~22k on our watch list begin entering their mixer over the last few days. https://t.co/DLR1M7xty9
In addition to the movements of EOS and ETH, it’s been a very busy week for PlusToken. So far they have moved over USD$428 million worth of cryptocurrencies to new addresses and the following exchanges: Binance, Huobi, HBTC, OKEx, Gate.io and MXC Exchange.
This week the following #PlusToken funds have been on the move to exchanges and new addresses for mixing:
– 22k BTC ($203m USD) – 789k ETH ($183m) – 26m EOS ($68m) – 20m XRP ($4m)
The big question: can the crypto markets absorb this volume or are we headed lower?
Those behind Plustoken rely on cryptocurrency Exchanges to dispose of their scammed funds. Cryptocurrency exchanges do have Know Your Customer (KYC) measures in place which should identify and report any such activity since it clearly constitutes money laundering. However previous massive sell-offs by PlusToken took place in Huobi and Okex, thus demonstrating that their KYC and AML measures were ineffective in stopping them in that instance.
Since the previous selloff, exchanges have stepped up their standards. For example, in reaction to the selloff Huobi has launched Star Atlas, an on-chain analytics tool to identify problematic activities such as fraud and money laundering on their Exchange. Meanwhile, peer-to-peer exchange Paxful has partnered with Chainalysis so that the exchange’s transactions can be monitored in real time.
In the latest sell off, it has already been found that substantial funds are being mixed and deposited into Binance, Huobi, HBTC, OKEx, Gate.io and MXC Exchange. Nothing has happened yet, but many traders are already watching to see if a market crash could be incoming, whilst questioning whether the affected exchanges will take any action on the funds that are now in their hands.
#Plustoken has been a major market factor since early 2019.
Analysis from @ErgoBTC & others proves ~165k BTC from PlusToken were mixed & sent to Huobi & OKex since August.
This week >$200mm of ETH/EOS/XRP have moved.@HuobiGlobal and @OKEx have remained entirely silent.
Chinese police seized US$4.2b of PlusToken, forfeited to China’s treasury
Filings from the Yancheng Intermediate People’s Court reveal that authorities have seized 194,775 Bitcoin (BTC), 833,083 Ether (ETH), 1.4 million Litecoin (LTC), 27.6m EOS, 74,167 Dash, 487m XRP, 6bn Dogecoin (DOGE), 79,581 Bitcoin Cash (BCH) and 213,724 Tether (USDT) from 7 individuals convicted in connection with this case.
This totals around USD$4.2bn worth of cryptocurrencies!
Court filings have also indicated that the seized cryptocurrencies will be forfeited to the National Treasury. This is because in China, trading and dealing in cryptocurrencies is illegal. So victims have no legal right for return of the seized assets.
Hence some victims have joked that they have inadvertently contributed to the national treasury.
Translation: “carelessness led me to also contribute to the nation’s treasury” lol I see what they did there.. https://t.co/jp1cLAboJo
It seems that the Plus Token saga, which started all the way back in 2018 had drawn to a close in December 2020 when the court in Jiangsu province, China sentenced the ringleaders of the Plus Token scheme to up to 11 years imprisonment. The main ringleader, Chen Bo and 13 other ringleaders were sentenced to between 2 and 11 years in jail. They were also fined various amounts ranging from 120,000 yuan to 6 million yuan. Another associate, Chen Tao, who was responsible for transferring the illegally obtained funds, was sentenced to over 4 years imprisonment.
As mentioned in the previous section, all the confiscated cryptocurrencies obtained from the Plus Token fraudsters were turned over to the state.
The Plus Token scam however is not dead in 2022. We can see from various social media outlets that people making periodical videos saying that the Plus Token project is alive and that they are working with a top Asian cryptocurrency exchange. Furthermore, these “influencers” who apparently have connections with those involved with Plus Token allege that once Plus Token is launched, they will not have a native token but instead the Plus Token proceeds will be issued in the form of that exchange’s own token.
Note however that the “major Asian exchange” in question has never mentioned any working relationship with Plus Token, nor has there been any announcement that they will issue their own native token.
Plus Token Sources and References
Chinese Sources and News Coverage
Special thanks to Matthew Graham for providing the videos and research!
Updated on 4th December 2019 to include new section- Plus Token Sell-offs Responsible for Bitcoin Price Drop? Updated on 18th December 2019 to correct spelling mistakes and more details of how the Ponzi Scheme operated Updated on 9th March 2020 on the latest Plus Token moves in 2020. Updated on 25th May 2020 on the latest PlusToken prosecutions and ver 3.0 beta of the app. Updated on 25th June 2020 on the movements of PlusToken’s remaining unmixed funds in the week of 21st June 2020. Updated on 2nd July 2020 on what exchanges are doing in response
Disclaimer: Cryptocurrency trading involves significant risks and may result in the loss of your capital. You should carefully consider whether trading cryptocurrencies is right for you in light of your financial condition and ability to bear financial risks. Cryptocurrency prices are highly volatile and can fluctuate widely in a short period of time. As such, trading cryptocurrencies may not be suitable for everyone. Additionally, storing cryptocurrencies on a centralized exchange carries inherent risks, including the potential for loss due to hacking, exchange collapse, or other security breaches. We strongly advise that you seek independent professional advice before engaging in any cryptocurrency trading activities and carefully consider the security measures in place when choosing or storing your cryptocurrencies on a cryptocurrency exchange.
FTX Japan is hoping to restart withdrawals for its customers in Japan, who were affected when the exchange had to suspend services on November 8th. This plan was approved by FTX Trading Ltd., the global enterprise of Sam Bankman-Fried, which filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy three days later. FTX Japan has started development work to allow customers to withdraw their funds, incorporating controls and security audits for a robust and secure process. The company plans to publish information about customer assets held in segregated wallets and in trust accounts each Monday and hopes to announce the resumption of withdrawals soon.
Quick Summary:
FTX Japan is looking to restart withdrawals after a plan to return deposits was approved by its bankrupt parent FTX
Withdrawals from FTX Japan were halted on Nov. 8 after local financial regulators ordered the exchange to suspend services
FTX Japan had been working on the plan to restart withdrawals for the last two weeks and says it was approved by the FTX Trading management team
FTX Japan is set to publish information about customer assets held in segregated wallets and in a trust account each Monday
FTX Japan aims to publish additional information regarding the resumption of withdrawals for FTX Japan users in short order
FTX Japan is looking to restart withdrawals after the approval of a plan to return deposits from its bankrupt parent FTX. The exchange was forced to suspend services on November 8th after local financial regulators ordered it to do so. FTX Trading Ltd., the global enterprise of Sam Bankman-Fried, then filed for chapter 11 bankruptcy in the U.S. three days later.
FTX Japan has been working on the plan to restart withdrawals for the last two weeks and it has now been approved by the FTX Trading management team. The subsidiary is set to publish information about customer assets held in segregated wallets and in a trust account each Monday. Additionally, they will be incorporating controls, security audit, reconciliations, and reviews to put in place a robust and secure process.
FTX Japan has stated that they aim to publish additional information regarding the resumption of withdrawals for FTX Japan users in short order. This is great news for customers of the exchange who may soon be able to get their money back. It is also a positive sign for the crypto industry as a whole, as it shows that exchanges are taking steps to ensure the security of customer funds and that the industry is becoming more regulated.
FAQ
1. When will FTX Japan restart withdrawals? 2. How will customer assets be held in segregated wallets? 3. Who approved the plan to restart withdrawals? 4. When will information about customer assets held in segregated wallets be published? 5. Will customers be some of the first to get their money back?
Bitcoin (BTC) is by far the best-known digital asset with the largest trade volume.
Bitcoin is both a currency and a technology. At its core, Bitcoin is peer to peer electronic money with one express objective. The objective is to replace the intermediation and trust vested on centralised financial institutions. It aims to be a replacement for traditional fiat currency and an innovative settlement layer for processing transactions without requiring a third party.
To learn more about Bitcoin and how to get started with cryptocurrencies, check out our beginner’s guide series.
Beginner’s guide to Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies
Bitcoin is Decentralized
Before Bitcoin was invented, the only way to use money digitally, it was through an intermediary, like a Bank or PayPal. Even then, the money used was still government issued and controlled currency. However, Bitcoin changed all that by creating a decentralized form of currency that individuals could trade directly without the need for an intermediary. Instead of trusting a centralized bank to process transactions, we would trust a Protocol that is run by different individuals all over the world.
Each Bitcoin transaction is validated and confirmed by the entire Bitcoin network. There is no single point of failure, so the system is virtually impossible to shut down, manipulate, or control.
Main Features of Bitcoin
Decentralized control: There is no authority that controls Bitcoin. All transactions are visible on a public ledger called the blockchain.
Bitcoin is a store of value: You can use Bitcoin to purchase goods and services.
Security: Bitcoin has never been hacked.
Open source: the Bitcoin source code is publicly available and community members can update it.
Public: All transactions are visible on the Bitcoin blockchain.
Pseudonymous: You can use a pseudonymous identity to make Bitcoin transactions. It is not truly anonymous because the transaction addresses are visible on the public chain.
Limited supply: Bitcoin has a limited and predictable supply.
How do Bitcoin transactions work? How do you earn Bitcoin?
The Bitcoin network is essentially a decentralized public ledger that relies on the combined computing power of its community. Bitcoin works as follows:
Bitcoin transactions are unconfirmed until they are updated on the bitcoin transaction ledger. This is called the blockchain. This is a decentralised public ledger, i.e. everyone can update it and no one person controls this ledger.
People can help update this ledger by using specialised computers. The computers will generate random numbers. The aim is to generate the correct answer to the mathematical problem generated by the system.
The computer that guesses the solution gets to decide which of the pending bitcoin transactions will be grouped together into a block.
The block and the answer to the mathematical problem is sent to the bitcoin network. This is a network of computers.
The bitcoin network will check if the answer is correct. If it is, they will update their copies of the bitcoin transaction ledger with the block you had created. The process is then repeated. Hence the name “Blockchain“.
The computer which guessed the correct number receives an award of Bitcoins and the transaction fees for the transactions in the block.
This process is called mining. This is because you mine (earn) Bitcoins by helping update the bitcoin transaction ledger.
Bitcoin mining farm
What is the halving in Bitcoin mining?
The Bitcoin halving is an important concept for Bitcoin miners. When Bitcoin was first mined, miners were rewarded 50 BTC for generating the correct answer to the mathematical problem. Every 210,000 blocks which occur around every 4 years, this reward is cut in half. (locals.md) This is known as the Bitcoin halving.
The last Bitcoin halving occurred on 11th May 2020 at around 3:00p.m. EST. Following this halving, the block reward was reduced to 6.25 BTC. The next halving is therefore expected to be in 2024 when the block rewards will be cut down to 3.125 BTC.
Bitcoin owners store their coins using wallets. You do not actually hold your Bitcoins, rather you hold a private key that allows you to access your Bitcoin address i.e. your public key.
Click here to learn more about private keys and public keys.
Online wallets: Run on a cloud server and so can be accessed by multiple computers. Most common online wallets are cryptocurrency exchanges. Check out our review of the top exchanges.
Paper wallets: A printout which contains your public and private keys. Though the most rudimentary, it is the safest method of keeping your cryptocurrencies safe.
Desktop wallets: They are downloaded and installed onto your computer.
Who is Satoshi Nakamoto
It is the invention of a “Satoshi Nakamoto” in 2008 as a decentralised virtual currency that runs on blockchain technology. We still do not know the true identity(ies) of Satoshi Nakamoto, though there are people who claim to be him.
What’s the future of Bitcoin?
Bitcoin is getting more adoption for payments across the world. At the moment, many stores and merchants accept payment in Bitcoin. The list of merchants are increasing by the day.
Bitcoin is even usable with some credit and debit cards.
However, Bitcoin is not as easily scalable as most other subsequent coins. Accordingly, a future where Bitcoin replaces traditional currency is highly unlikely.
However, Bitcoin will remain an excellent Store of Value (SOV). This is because of its immutability and periodic price appreciation. That said, the question of regulatory policies across the world may be the actual obstacle to Bitcoin’s long-term success.
Can Bitcoin disappear?
Despite what some naysayers will say about Bitcoin having no value or being a scam, Bitcoin cannot and will not disappear. Bitcoin is widely accepted as a value accept and can be converted into fiat currencies. There are also many places that accept Bitcoin as a form of payment such as Home Depot, Microsoft, and Virgin Airlines.
Bitcoin is also decentralized (i.e. not held by any central authority). This means that no single person or entity can confiscate your Bitcoins or shut Bitcoin down.
What will happen after all 21 million Bitcoins are mined?
The total supply of Bitcoin is capped at 21 million and it is expected that all 21 million Bitcoins will be mined in around 2140. When this happens, Bitcoin mining fees will disappear. Bitcoin miners instead will only earn income from transaction processing fees instead of both block rewards and transaction fees.
BTC price predictions once the last Bitcoin is mined?
In an interview with Cointelegraph, Mohamed El Masri, Founder of mining solutions provider PermianChain predicts that BTC would be worth US$430,500 once the last Bitcoin is mined.
El Masri also feels positive that Bitcoin miners will still be able to profit from Bitcoin mining despite all of them being mined. This is despite the fact that by then, Bitcoin miners can only earn transaction fees as a source of income. His positivity stems from the fact that transaction fees will still generate almost US$3 billion a year at his predicted BTC price. This is because Bitcoin miners will still be a necessary part of supporting the Bitcoin infrastructure operating at any cost.
Serum ($SRM) is a decentralized exchange (DEX) that offers cross-chain trading at a speed and efficiency that rivals centralized exchanges. It runs on the Solana blockchain but will be fully interoperable with Ethereum as well as Bitcoin.
Learn how to trade on Serum DEX with Aldrin and Raydium in this video:
There are several factors that make Serum unique. Serum is a protocol that is fully decentralized down to the core, unlike most decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms today. In fact, it does not utilize oracle price feeds at all. Instead of using the traditional automated market maker model, Serum DEX facilitates decentralized automated limit order books. Serum end-users can place orders with fully automated matching through an on-chain order book. This allows traders to have more control over their trades.
What is the difference between Bonfida, Aldrin, Raydium, and all these markets listed on Serum?
When you go onto the trading section on Serum, you are presented with all these markets such as Bonfida, Mango Markets, Aldrin and Raydium to name a few. But what is the difference between all these markets listed on Serum DEX? And are they the “real” Serum?
Well, it turns out all these markets are the “real” Serum. These markets are decentralized apps (dApps) available on Serum DEX because the DEX gives users the opportunity to create their own custom financial products and dApps. These dApps can be found by entering the Serum portal and are part of the Serum ecosystem with their own interface, each competing with the other to provide the best user experience.
In this article, we will explore the functions of two of the most popular dApps available on Serum: Aldrin and Raydium.
How to use Raydium on Serum DEX
What is Raydium?
Raydium is the first automated market maker (AMM) built on Solana, enabled with lightning-fast trades, shared liquidity, and yield earning. The swap function is the simplest function available and the most user-friendly for beginner traders.
How to trade on Raydium- Swap feature?
To access this feature, simply click on the ‘Swap’ tab and you will be redirected to the page below.
Step 1: Swap tab
Next, you will need to connect your wallet. Once your wallet is connected, you can expand each drop-down menu to select the tokens you would like to swap. ‘From’ is the token you will pay and ‘To” is the token you will buy during the trade.
After selecting the tokens, you can input the amount you would like to pay and receive an estimate of the amount you will receive.
Step 2: insert amount
Before confirming the trade, you will want to take note of the price impact. Price impact is the difference between the market price and estimated price due to trade size. Typically, you would want minimal price impact so if the amount is 1% or 2%, you might want to reconsider the trade. This is especially important for tokens with a smaller market cap.
To proceed with the trade, simply click on the Swap button and approve the transaction. The transaction will then be processed and completed.
Raydium’s swap feature is simple to use and the speed of the Solana blockchain allows transactions to complete almost instantly. However, the tokens you can swap are limited and because of its simplicity, more experienced traders do not have access to additional features such as limit orders.
To access these more advanced features, we like to use Aldrin.
How to use Aldrin on Serum DEX?
What is Aldrin?
Aldrin is a decentralized exchange (DEX) on Solana that seeks to simplify the process of digital asset trading for both beginners and advanced traders alike. There are many token pairs that can be traded on the exchange. The dashboard for traders is also pretty comprehensive and informative, with an option for users to review important token data before they conduct their trades. Aldrin makes it easier for traders to find the website of a token, its trade analytics, and other pertinent data about it.
How to trade on Aldrin?
To trade on Aldrin, head over to their DEX and make sure you have the Trade tab selected.
Aldrin Step 1: trade tab
Connect your wallet and select the token pair you would like to trade. For this example, we will use SOL/USDC.
Adrin example SOL
Under the Order Book section, you can see all the current buy and sell activities by other traders.
Adrin Step 3: Book section
Aldrin’s order book allows both limit orders as well as market orders.
Aldrin Step 4: Select Limit Order or Market Order
Market orders are transactions meant to execute as quickly as possible at the current market price, which may fluctuate. Limit orders allow you to set the maximum or minimum price at which you are willing to buy or sell, and the transaction will only be executed when the target price is achieved.
How to place a market order on Aldrin?
To place a market order, select the ‘Market’ tab and input the amount you would like to buy or sell.
Aldrin Step 5: Input amount
Once you have entered an amount to buy or sell, you will see the amount you will receive for the trade. Then, you can click on the Buy or Sell button to submit the trade. Upon approving the transaction, the trade will be executed.
For first time users, it is important to note that after the trade has been executed, the funds will remain in your trading account and will not return to your wallet until you have settled your balances on the exchange.
Aldrin Final Step: Settle Balance
Simply click on Settle All and you will be able to see your funds in your wallet.
How to place a limit order on Aldrin?
To place a limit order, select the ‘Limit’ tab then input the amount you would like to buy or sell and the price you want to buy or sell it at.
Aldrin Limit Order Step 1
Once you have submitted the trade, you can go into the Open Orders tab to view all your orders.
Aldrin Limit Order Step 2: View Order
If you wish to cancel the order before it executes, you can do so by clicking on the Cancel button.
Staking on Aldrin
Staking is a passive way to grow your crypto holdings by securely locking up your selected crypto holding in return for tokenized rewards. The more tokens you stake, the more rewards you can earn. Aldrin allows you to stake RIN and mSOL tokens.
Head over to the Staking tab to access this feature. Make sure your wallet is connected.
Aldrin Staking Step 1
Click on View to select the token you would like to stake.
Aldrin Staking view order
You will be able to see the estimated staking rewards, in this case it is 35.66% APR (Annual Percentage Rate). Below it, you can see the APR amount is split into two. The first APR is calculated based on fixed treasury rewards and the second APR is calculated based on the current token price and the average AMM fees.
Enter the amount of tokens you would like to offer and click on Stake. The entered amount will show up in your Total Staked. Staking rewards are generated hourly and you can see the accumulation in the Rewards section.
Staking lockup lasts for one hour from the time of deposit. You will not be able to withdraw your tokens until the lock is lifted. You may click on Unstake All to enable termination.
Staking rewards are calculated hourly. These are then accumulated and paid out on the 27th of each month along with AMM fee revenue. You can add these new funds to your wallet by clicking the Claim button.
Conclusion: Main features and advantages of Serum DEX
Serum DEX is a very exciting project on the DeFi scene with a lot of promise. It has several advantages over other DeFi-based exchanges at the moment, which include:
Lightning fast speed
Low cost fees
Full decentralization
Cross-chain support
Fantastic user interface (UI) and user experience (UX)
It is also more scalable than almost any other DeFi platform in existence, made possible by the Solana blockchain. As more users join the Serum ecosystem, it will be interesting to see where this project can go and the innovations that will arise from it.
Cardano is a decentralized smart contract platform which would be driven by peer reviewed academic research and capable of running both financial applications and decentralised applications. Established by a former co-founder of Ethereum, Cardano aims to improve on Ethereum by offering low-cost, secure and scalable transactions. To improve smart contract security, Cardano uses the programming language Haskell which has been proven to be easier to audit and formally verify. In addition, Cardano openly addresses the need for regulatory oversight whilst maintaining consumer privacy and protections through an innovative software architecture.
Check out our explainer video on Cardano ($ADA)
What is the ADA token and its uses?
ADA is Cardano’s native cryptocurrency. It was launched on 1st January 2018 through an initial coin offering as a utility token and will have 45 billion total supply. It is currently the 8th most popular cryptocurrency based on market capitalisation according to CoinGecko.
Upon the opening of the Shelley Public testnet on 9th June 2020, and any operator can set up a Cardano stake pool in anticipation for staking and delegation on the mainnet to be released in Summer 2020.
Eventually, ADA will allow users to send value between two parties, pay for goods or services, deposit funds on an exchange, or enter an application. ADA will also be used to power the transactions on the Cardano network.
Founder: Charles Hoskinson
Charles Hoskinson is a co-founder of Ethereum and founder of Ethereum Classic, with extensive experience working with smart contracts and the programming language Haskell. He is an outspoken critic of Ethereum and parted ways with the Ethereum team in 2016. This was likely due to ideological differences arising from the team’s response to the DAO hack of 2016. Hoskinson is now the CEO of Input Output Hong Kong (IOHK), and they have devoted a large team of expert engineers and researchers to build Cardano from the ground up.
Cardano – development of the blockchain protocol
Cardano aims to become the third generation blockchain, overcoming issues with previous generations of blockchains namely lack of scalability, interoperability and sustainability. Cardano aims to develop its platform upon these 2 guiding principles:
Peer-review: any science guiding the solutions to these issues goes through peer review.
High assurance code: Cardano aims to bring the same level of scientific rigour for mission critical systems such as aerospace to the development of their project.
Cardano’s platform has the following key features:
Cardano will be built in Haskell code. Haskell uses a math based approach that results in a much more secure and reliable protocol.
A formally verified Proof of Stake consensus called Ouroboros. It is the first provably secure blockchain protocol developed by the IOHK team and peer reviewed. It has advantages over the traditional proof of work blockchains (e.g. as used by Bitcoin) by requiring less computation resources (there will be no mining) and is thus cheaper to run, yet being just as secure as the more popular Proof of Work algorithm. It also comes with a novel reward mechanism to prevent attacks like block withholding and selfish-mining.
Recursive InterNetwork Architecture (RINA): Cardano is looking towards building RINA in order to reduce the bandwidth which is required for communicating and disseminating data. The idea is that RINA has fewer protocols but is able to work faster, yet still providing transparency, privacy and scalability.
The protocol is geared towards protecting users’ privacy rights while taking into account the needs of regulators. In doing so, Cardano is the first protocol to balance these requirements in a nuanced and effective way, pioneering a new approach for cryptocurrencies.
Cardano will also be completely open source and patent-free.
Cardano’s platform is being constructed in 2 layers- a settlement layer and a computational layer. This gives the system flexibility during maintenance and allow for upgrades by way of soft forks.
After completion of the settlement layer that will run ADA, the separate computing layer will be built to handle smart contracts. Cardano will also run decentralised applications, or dapps, services not controlled by any single party but instead operate on a blockchain.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Cardano?
Advantages of Cardano
Many smart contract users believe that Cardano holds the key for long term secure development. This because of the numerous hacks and vulnerabilities in platforms such as Ethereum. Cardano founder Charles Hoskinson has criticized Ethereum as a “rushed product” with vulnerabilities which led to famous hacks such as The DAO. This could be viewed as a symptom of the flaws in Ethereum’s programming language, Solidity. Cardano improves on this by allowing for development using Haskell which can be formally verified.
Cardano’s use of the proof of stake model in itself brings lots of advantages such as less susceptibility to interference because the nodes will be responsible for throughput and thus eliminating the need for extra machines. In turn less energy will be consumed which is better for the environment.
Rewards are given out based on the number of tokens held rather than the amount of computational power contributed, which is fairer.
The platform’s 2 layered system allows for each layer to be responsible for a complete set of tasks. This means more potential for interoperability with different cryptocurrency platforms and is therefore more scalable compared to Ethereum.
Disadvantages of Cardano
Critics of Cardano have pointed to the slow development and overly ideal goals of the project. This can be risky for Cardano because it could be overtaken by more aggressive competitors, or the regulatory environment can change meanwhile.
Many features promised by the Cardano team are still not yet available. So a lot of what is said about how its cryptocurrency ADA would work is still theoretical.
What is the Daedalus wallet?
In order to store and use ADA, you must install Cardano’s Daedalus wallet. With the wallet you can send and receive ADA as well as view your transaction history.
The Daedalus wallet will also offer the following features:
Unlimited Accounting – Manage any number of wallets with Cardano’s innovative hierarchical deterministic wallet implementation. This will give you more control over how your funds are organised. It also has powerful backup features to help recover your funds anytime.
Advanced Security – Cardano will not hold your keys. They use the most advanced cryptography in the world to ensure safety from attack and offer spending passwords and seeds for all your accounts.
Export to paper certificates- Wallets can be exported to paper certificates giving users the option of placing funds in cold storage.
Built with Web Technologies – Daedalus is built on top of Electron, a battle-proven open source development platform to build cross-platform desktop apps using Javascript, HTML and CSS.
The Daedalus wallet is still a work in progress, features which are expected to be coming soon include:
Support for Bitcoin and Ethereum Classic.
Staking features which allow ADA holders to earn more ADA tokens.
A mobile wallet for both iOS and Android.
What is the Goguen Era of Smart Contracts?
On 12 September 2021, Cardano’s Alonzo hard fork upgrade went live on mainnet. Therefore, users can now create and deploy smart contracts on the Cardano blockchain.
To learn more about what the Gouguen Era and Alonzo Hard Fork means for the development of Cardano, check out our detailed article here.
Cardano enters DeFi with Occam Finance ($OCC)
Occam Finance ($OCC) is a suite of DeFi (Decentralized Finance) solutions tailored for Cardano and managed and maintained by the Occam Association, a blockchain entity based in Switzerland. Currently, Occam offers 3 major products: OccamRazer, OccamX and OccamDAO.
This week we have witnessed a very strong Bitcoin comeback after the approx. 20% price dump. The price has been going sideways in the USD $18-19,000 area for a few days now in the anticipation of the next move. The bottom of the dip was $16200 (Bitstamp) and many hope this could be the right time to pass the critical wall at $20k (which many have been dreaming about for years). The Relative Strength Index (RSI) on the weekly chart is still in overbought territory and we are far above the 21 Moving Average, an indicator that has historically been respected pretty well by previous bull runs, when the price repeatedly bounced over it during retraces.
In the meantime, some altcoins have had relief rallies like $SUSHI (2.25x in 10 days) and $RAMP (x2 in the same period), which is now at 6x since the after-launch bottom in October 2020.
On the daily chart, we can observe that after the initial spike to almost ATH at the highest existing weekly resistance on the chart, Bitcoin dropped quite abruptly back to the previous weekly support before bouncing back strongly. This channel has then been respected perfectly until now. The price seems to be consolidating at its top and we all hope this could be the launchpad for the next run up!
Facebook’s Libra to launch in January 2021?
Libra, the awaited digital currency project founded by Facebook in 2019, could see the light of day at the beginning of 2021.
In an article published by Coindesk on November 27th, sources claim that the Libra (now re-named Diem) may launch with only one stablecoin, backed by the dollar, unlike the original plan which included a basket of different FIAT currencies (we wrote about Libra/Diem in depth here).
Libra/Diem’s journey has been quite tormented by regulators in its short history and some of the initial members have already left the project, like Paypal, Mastercard and Ebay. Many others have declared that they are waiting to see how the launch will go before even considering an investment.
Regulatory approvals by the Swiss Financial Market Supervision Authority (FINMA) are still pending. There is no official date.
Introduced by the United State Congress, it aims at reinforcing regulations for stablecoins and stablecoin-related products. In particular, it would require issuers of stable coins to get bank charters and regulatory approval prior to circulating stablecoins.
The justification for this regulation, according to US Representative Rashida Tlaib is that it would prevent cryptocurrency providers from repeating the crimes by “big banks” against low-moderate income minorities.
Under the proposed regulations, cryptocurrency providers would be required to fulfill a list of actions like “Require any prospective issuer of a stablecoin to obtain a banking charter” or “Require that any company offering stablecoin services must follow the appropriate banking regulations under the existing regulatory jurisdictions” and more.
While this should mainly impact private stablecoins provided by big tech companies or big exchanges (and probably less the DeFi movement), many in the cryptocurrency space have raised their voices and doubts. The problem being that, in the end, these regulations if they do become law could have the opposite outcome of what is proposed. Cryptocurrencies have always been totally transparent and equal to all the people who want to invest in it. Costs involved in maintaining your portfolio are mostly negligible, unlike the traditional financial sector, there is no need to wait weeks for approvals, everyone can control their own money and you can access them from anywhere in the world, no matter your “social class” or bank account. Could these regulations in fact increase costs and deter poor people from accessing these services?
European Central Bank is working on the Digital Euro…will it surpass China’s DCEP?
Speaking about digital currencies Fabio Panetta, board member of the European Central Bank (ECBD), outlined last week four major areas they are mainly working on to bring forward the digital Euro:
The Target Instant Payment Settlement (TIPS), which allows “individuals and firms to transfer money between each other within seconds”. In particular the ECBD needs to establish that it will be able to function with hundreds of millions of customers;
interoperability between centralized systems and distributed ledger technology (DLT);
use of “payment-dedicated blockchains with electronic identity”; and
study of hardware devices able to maintain the privacy.
Will it surpass China’s national currency DCEP? For now it seems unlikely as DCEP is in much more advanced stages of testing. The most recent test being a large scale airdrop of RMB 10mil to around 50,000 Shenzhen residents to spend.
On 1st December 2020 the Ethereum 2 Beacon Chain went live exactly one week after the threshold deadline!
If you are interested in becoming a validator, you can read our full guide here or watch our dedicated livestream on how to set up an Ethereum 2.0 Node!
GBV acquires OMG Network
Genesis Block Ventures (GBV), an investment company working with Genesis Block, has announced the acquisition of OMG Network.
This decision was taken to “leverage its (GBV) network strength, to promote the accelerated growth of OMG Network, and further enhance the adoption of OMG blockchain in Asia and beyond”.
This is the first acquisition for GBV, an “investment company with a mission of building the future through blockchain” which has been pretty active in Defi this year and has so far worked on building meaningful relationships and collaborations in the area.
OMG, which launched in 2017 as Omisego, is a second-layer scaling solution for Ethereum platform capable of high-speed transactions (thousands per second).
Rumors have surfaced in China that a Huobi Executive has been held under custody by Chinese Authorities.
Huge deposits into Huobi
There has been a deposit of over $400 Million worth of Tether and other cryptocurrencies to the exchange. Two of the transactions are extremely large, accounting for $304 million USD (as spotted by Whale alerts).
China is tightening control over cryptocurrencies trades
On an official level, cryptocurrency exchanges are not permitted in china after the 2017 ban. However, enforcement of this policy has been relatively weak in 2018 and 2019. Cryptocurrencies were traded largely via OTC – over the counter desks that exchanged fiat deposits to crypto. Interestingly enough, key Chinese exchanges such as Huobi, Okex, and Binance all offered OTC matching services. It is important to make the distinction that exchanges didn’t facilitate the actual exchange – instead, they matched exchange users and independently operated OTC services.
In 2020, OTCs bank accounts were targeted and bank accounts of involved parties were suspended.
Huobi Token drops in value
The value of the Huobi token declined by over 20% in a flash crash following the rumor. This was also correlated to the large movement of USDT out of the exchange.
HT suddenly fell sharply, 100 million USDT was transferred, COO was reported to be investigated but there was no response temporarily, triggering panic in the Chinese market. Huobi is the largest exchange in China. (https://kidsrkids.com) After the OK, Huobi was also panicked. pic.twitter.com/oQtQBQhh1N
Initially it was suggested that Chairman, Founder and CEO Leon Li was arrested. As with the OKEx detention incident, people on Chinese social media tried to find ways to see if this was true. Among those were people who again tried to check his pedometer and breathed a sign of relief when they found he had been walking more than 5,000 steps today.
Li Lin pedometer
Huobi Denies all rumors, stating they are false
Huobi has come out to deny all the rumors, stating that there are no members of the Huobi team that are taken under custody.
Nevertheless, users are not taking their chances and rushing to withdraw their deposits from Huobi. According to Whale Alert, nearly USD$240 million worth of Bitcoin has been transferred out of Huobi in the space of 2 hours on 3rd November 2020.
Developing story: OKEx suspends withdrawals…but is there more to this?
On 16th October 2020 OKEx suddenly announced one of their private key holders (later confirmed to be Star Xu, OK Group’s CEO and Co-founder) is cooperating with a “public security bureau” and is unable to be reached. Therefore the Exchange cannot complete authorisations for transactions and thus decided to suspend all withdrawals of digital assets/cryptocurrencies from 16th October 2020 at 11:00 (HKT).
But is there more to this?
Let’s take a look at some events on 16th October 2020 which may (or may not) be relevant to this:
1:00a.m.: Twitter user @whale_alert tweets: 5,000 #BTC (57,033,847 USD) transferred from unknown wallet to #OKEx
4:00a.m.: Twitter user @whale_alert tweets: 1,180 BTC (13,588,646 USD) transferred from OKEx to unknown wallet
9:00a.m.: Twitter user @whale_alert tweets: 50,000,000 TRX (1,317,074 USD) transferred from OKEx to unknown wallet. 11:55a.m.: Chinese crypto media platform 非小號 (Feixiaohao) and UAICOIN publishes notices from OKEx that withdrawals will be suspended from 3:00p.m. onwards. This was also reported in a tweet from Co-founder of Chinese crypto media outlet @redtheminer who also notes the rumours circulating in the Chinese crypto community that over 800 accounts from a “certain large crypto exchange” are involved in cross border money laundering.
12:00p.m.: OKEx announcement that it would suspend withdrawals from 11:00a.m. onwards.
1:00p.m.: OKEx finally tweets their announcement on the withdrawal suspension.
2:00p.m.: OKEx CEO Jay Hao tweets, reassures that all other operations are unaffected and that, “The investigation concerns a certain private key holder’s personal issue only. Further announcements will be made.”
2:51p.m.: Someone asks OKEx support “Why is Star Xu’s Weibo page emptied?” and they replied, “The person you are referring to has no relation to our platform”.
3:51p.m.: Twitter user @whale_alert tweets: 998 BTC (11,333,911 USD) transferred from Huobi to OKEx.
10:31p.m.: Twitter user @whale_alert tweets: 3,500 BTC (39,627,432 USD) transferred from OKEx to Binance. They however are suspecting it may be an internal transfer.
*All times are stated in HKT unless otherwise specified.
There are reports from Chinese media that Xu was in fact already arrested a week ago, whilst 2 executives that were also arrested have since been relased on bail. His arrest is causing a stir because he holds the private keys to OKEx’s funds, and according to Glassnode’s data, OKEx holds around 200,000 BTC i.e. USD$2.3 billion worth of Bitcoin.
From the events and how OKEx could have simply made another “less alarming” reason for suspending withdrawals, we have a feeling the Exchange was caught off guard by the events too. Although there are reports that Xu was arrested in relation to matters unrelated to OKEx. In particular it was in relation to funds he had borrowed from a Shanxi-based underground bank for the purposes of the backdoor listing of OKC Holdings on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 2019.
In the meantime we can only await further official announcements from the Exchange.
Due to overwhelming positive response, we are bringing back our list of potential issues with DeFi/Yield farming projects. Please note that some of these raised issues are subject to further verification so please do your own research. Here’s what was discussed this week on our Telegram/Discord alone:
cVault Finance ($CORE): Not related to the project itself but there is a scam pretending to be an “official” 1,000 CORE giveaway with a fake telegram channel.
Decore.finance ($DCORE): The website says that due to a contract bug they have halted the process of adding/withdrawing liquidity from vault. One of our members apparently spoke with a contract auditor who said on an initial review it didn’t seem like anything was suspicious. However, we do note that Coingecko’s page for the project has put up a notice that they have received allegations the team has abandoned the project and asks users to proceed with caution.
Fuelswap. finance ($FUEL): Unencrypted network used to connect to your Metamask which could result in loss of funds. Telegram is gone.
Justswap.finance ($JUST): Not related to Justin Sun’s justswap.io. This is a virus/malware disguised as an airdrop. The website will take your money and attack your computer with malware injected into the website.
Piratetoken.finance: All trades apparently would get 5% pirate tax that gets distributed to 1 holder daily at random when in fact there was no prize. Website can no longer be found.
Rabbitwallet.org: You will be prevented from withdrawing and empty your wallet if you approve any spending limit on the website.
Seal Finance ($SEAL): Potential code that can allow devs to withdraw tokens from your wallet. Note the Seal finance team have responded that this code is only for their cSeal token farming contracts, and is only for them to help users who mistakenly transfer their assets.
Thirm protocol ($THIRM): Initially said their early developer’s wallet was hacked and warned users to remove liquidity ASAP. The Team later clarified that in fact the promotor wallet was hacked and dumped around 2,000 THIRM. New tokens will be created and THIRM holders before the hack would be given the same balance plus 2% bonus tokens.
Triangle.finance ($TRI): Website and Telegram disappeared. Twitter only has one post on it from 12th October 2020.
Wineswap.finance: Entire contract was emptied within 20 minutes from launch and social media is now gone.
Thank you to CC, Cheatbandit, Coderwongy, madrick8, Ronald Jones, RyGuy31581156 and Lolibutts!
Are DeFi scams ruining yield farming for everyone else?
This week we were interviewed by CoinTelegraph on our views on “Escalating DeFi scams tarnishing the crypto yield farming market niche”. In relation to the topic, we definitely think the recent strings of DeFi scams are seriously affecting the reputation of this field and people’s interest. We also gave our insights on how we try to avoid scams through research, and some of our methodologies.
Filecoin mainnet is finally launched and listed after 3 years
Filecoin ($FIL) was one of China’s hottest projects back in the 2017 Initial Coin Offering (ICO) craze, having raised USD$200 million. At around 3:00pm (UTC) on 15th October 2020 the mainnet was finally launched and exchanges such as Binance, FTX and Huobi, etc rushed to list FIL.
Upon listing, prices for FIL shot up 118%, and this is due to the very small circulating supply at the time- around 0.7% of the total. And at the very early moments of listing, due to the price differences for $FIL on different exchanges such as HuoBi and FTX, some traders were able to take advantage by purchasing a short and a long on each of these exchanges respectively. This was further explained in our livestream on 16th October 2020 (at 5:13 mins). The discrepancy in prices though has converged so this “IQ 200 play” is no longer viable 🙁
As with most new listings, prices dipped after the initial moments of listing. Prices are down 45% but the downward trajectory seems to be slowing down. Currently, prices are still sitting above USD$40.
However, we do question what would happen to prices when another 0.7% of $FIL is released? Also, the fully diluted valuation is USD$136 billion dollars- approximately 4x of Ethereum. Is that realistic?
PlotX Mainnet launch
On 13th October 2020 PlotX ($PLOT) has been launched on the Ethereum Mainnet and listed on Uniswap.
PlotX was one of the most anticipated launches of the last weeks being a decentralized predictions market protocol that lets users guess the future market outcome and get rewarded for correct predictions. Here you can read our article on the project and view Michael’s video with Ish Goel, Co-founder of PlotX.
Making prediction markets easier- PlotX with Ish Goel
As with many times before, the hours preceding the launch have been characterized by fake tokens appearing on Uniswap creating problems for distracted investors. The listing price was USD$0.05 but it spiked to more than USD$1 at the beginning to later start its real discovery price phase. It has so far been stabilizing itself around a more modest 10 cents price.
SWAG Finance (pleasantly) surprises everyone with early launch
SWAG Finance ($SWAG) was offering a decentralised community governance token i.e. $SWAG as a part of Swag.live’s expansion. Swag.live is a popular adult entertainment platform with over 10 million users worldwide. They are currently based in Asia but have plans to expand operations to North America and worldwide.
SWAG launched its First Swap Event at 10:00p.m. UTC on 14th October 2020 which would allow users to swap for SWAG and be entitled to their rewards distribution, known as SQUIRTS.
This launch was hugely successful and according to the Team, SWAG prices shot up 240% upon launch. Whilst prices are no longer at their all-time high, it is still up nearly 3 times compared to launch.
Andre Cronje comes back
A few days ago, Andre Cronje, one of the most famous personalities in crypto as well as one of the best and most genius developers, came out with a new medium article “Unpacking my involvement in DeFi“.
After having disappeared for a while after receiving death threats related to the Eminence ($EMN) episode, when a lot of crypto investors who started speculating and buying into his not-yet-released project ended up losing their money (a hack for a total amount of USD$15 million, 8 of which have then been sent back by the hacker), Andre came back to clarify a few things. Among them:
“I do not build to make a number go up”. Meaning that he only wants to build for developers and to enable them to easily create products out of his initial work
“Tokens are not stock”, you buy a token to be a contributor of a project, not a bystander
“Development process”, where he explains that his famous “test in prod” statement has been misinterpreted and it “exists to deter people from using systems without investigations”.
He then goes on to clarify that he is just a contributor to Yearn Finance ($YFI), not the creator and that he has now stopped using Twitter to avoid further misunderstandings, as long as using his deployer account (that makes his new projects immediately traceable back to him, hence starting the FOMO).
He ends with his personal thoughts about this space, which give him mixed feelings which he doesn’t really know how to express. We also see a lack of trust that is increasing among the community and that lately, we have also heard rumors about a group of DeFi users grouping up and planning to sue him for what happened.
We understand that things are adding up in his mind, creating even more confusion about what the future holds for him.
More and more companies investing in Bitcoin
Bitcoin treasuries in publicly traded companies
The list of Public Companies that use Bitcoin as a reserve asset is growing by the day. In September 2020, we discovered how Microstrategy was able to raise its holdings to over USD$435 Million worth of Bitcoin, and it just showed us once again how Crypto is still nothing compared to traditional finance in terms of numbers. Its CEO Michael Saylor tweeted: “To acquire 16,796 BTC, we traded continuously 74 hours, executing 88,617 trades ~0.19 BTC every 3 seconds”, which translated in roughly $39,414 in BTC per minute.
The last additions to the crypto game have been Stone Ridge, which revealed a USD$115 Million investment (part of a Billion-dollar spinoff), and Square, that invested USD$50 Million. Its CEO, Jack Dorsey, has been known as a Bitcoin supporter for quite some time now.
With all these big names trusting the future outcome of Bitcoin, who are we to doubt their judgement?
DCEP- testing China’s digital currency, lottery style
China’s national digital currency DCEP is now undergoing testing amongst the public in Shenzhen. The government in Shenzhen gave away RMB10 Million in an experiment to test their digital currency, which is not a traditional cryptocurrency as we usually imagine them because it is centralized and under the control of the People’s Bank of China.
Recently, Shenzhen residents were able to sign up for a lottery to get some free DCEP to test out. The lottery was hugely oversubscribed, and only a lucky 2.61% were able to get their hands on RMB200 (around USD$30) of DCEP to spend at designated stores.
If you want to know more about what is DCEP, take a look at our article.
Upcoming events
19 Oct 6:00am: Injective Protocol ($INJ) ticket claim will open on Binance Launchpad. More details here. 19 Oct 2:00pm: Trading opens for CryptoLocally ($GIV) on Bithumb. 20 Oct 8:00am: Winning tickets for Injective Protocol will be announced. 21- 22 Oct: Blockchain Life 2020 (Moscow) 22 Oct: Token sale starts for The Graph ($GRT) for already registered participants.
*All times are listed in UTC unless otherwise stated.
Disclaimer: Cryptocurrency trading involves significant risks and may result in the loss of your capital. You should carefully consider whether trading cryptocurrencies is right for you in light of your financial condition and ability to bear financial risks. Cryptocurrency prices are highly volatile and can fluctuate widely in a short period of time. As such, trading cryptocurrencies may not be suitable for everyone. Additionally, storing cryptocurrencies on a centralized exchange carries inherent risks, including the potential for loss due to hacking, exchange collapse, or other security breaches. We strongly advise that you seek independent professional advice before engaging in any cryptocurrency trading activities and carefully consider the security measures in place when choosing or storing your cryptocurrencies on a cryptocurrency exchange.
