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  • InsurAce Protocol: Insuring decentralised finance?

    InsurAce Protocol: Insuring decentralised finance?

    The cryptocurrency industry has enjoyed rapid growth and adoption thanks to its accessibility and open-source nature. Different people from all over the world can participate freely in crypto projects, with the option of anonymity. And thanks to this ease of access, the total locked value (TVL) in DeFi grew to over $3 Billion in 2020 and $44 billion in 2021, according to DeFi Pulse.

    However, as an industry based majorly on the internet with trillions of liquid digital assets, it is no surprise that it makes the perfect attraction for hackers hoping to run off with a score.

    Luckily, in the decentralized finance (DeFi) corner, liquidity providers (LPs) can still protect their investment through insurance protocols, each of which is armed with their unique solutions – one of the more promising ones is InsurAce.

    Background

    InsurAce was created by Oliver Xie, a cryptocurrency enthusiast and computer programmer. The decentralized insurance protocol was developed during the peak of DeFi growth in the third quarter of 2020, launching officially in October of the same year.

    The protocol is headquartered in Singapore, led by Oliver’s vision and steadfastness. After just two months of existence, the protocol was able to raise $1 Million in seed funding, from renowned institutions such as DeFiance Capital, Signum Capital, and Parafi Capital. Later, in February 2021, and an additional $3 Million was raised during its strategic round.

    They currently run a tight team, with a few experts and professionals at the helm of affairs, most of which are based in Singapore.

    What is InsurAce?

    InsurAce is an insurance protocol that offers DeFi assets a reliable, decentralized, and flexible coverage. Users are also able to enjoy low premiums and a sustainable investment return.

    InsurAce’s flexibility is its major highlight as it gives users the ability to cover their assets with a portfolio-based product design that optimizes cover cost. Users would also benefit from their cross-chain coverage and wallet accessibility, along with the protection of their assets and investments.

    How Does InsurAce Protocol Work?

    As both a DeFi and Insurance protocol, InsurAce runs two different arms that work synergistically to benefit all parties involved. As a decentralized platform, each role is filled by its users, each of which are rewarded with the INSUR token.

    The protocol also offers a more streamlined experience with its permissionless feature, where users can enjoy full anonymity without the KYC process that complicates other DeFi Insurance platforms.

    The Two Arms of InsurAce Protocol

    The first part of the investment arm involves contribution by a first-party known as the investor. As the name suggests, investors finance portfolios, each portfolio with its own risk/reward ratio which investors can choose from.

    The next party is the insurer, and these are participants that stake assets in the mutual insurance pool created by investors. The more direct class of users are the “insured” – they are the insurance customers, and they get the benefit of buying insurance covers, either in single or multiple pools.

    2 Arms of InsurAce Protocol (Image credit: InsurAce whitepaper)

    Features

    The InsurAce protocol will be responsible for providing a supporting architecture for the smooth operation and integration of the arms. To start with, the protocol will function to ensure adequate evaluation of risk to manage losses.

    Two risk assessment procedures exist. One with experts analyzing potential assets and pools with thorough auditing and code analysis. After which, a community assessment is carried out by volunteer members for further analysis and to come up with a risk score.

    It will also be in charge of claim requests, for insurers to check out their buys.

    More important, however, is the availability of liquidity for all users. To ascertain this, InsurAce plans to develop an enriched product line that is capable of covering a diverse number of DeFi protocols. By providing insurance services to multiple DeFi projects the platform retains its flexibility, remains open to opportunities while keeping tokens moving.

    The insurers would enjoy access to a wide range of asset pools in addition to considerably reduced cover costs and zero premium protection.

    SCR Mining and Governance

    When users bring in capital to stake into different mutual pools, they are rewarded with INSUR tokens as incentives. This process is known as Mining, and it offers rewards based on the magnitude of user contribution to the platform.

    As with most other DeFi projects, a Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) would be responsible for managing and regulating the activities of InsurAce protocol. To be eligible to become a member of the DAO, users must own INSUR Tokens.

    An advisory board made up of InsurAnce employees and independent experts will oversee the affairs of the DAO community, provide guidelines for its operation, and provide a contingency plan if the decentralized voting mechanism should fail.

    INSUR Token

    The INSUR token is the standard token on the InsurAce platform. It is based on Ethereum’s ERC20 standards and serves a variety of utility functions.

    As a governance token, it confers voting rights on its holders. Users who have the INSUR token can propose changes, vote on issues and proposals, and participate in claim assessments on the protocol. When a token holder participates actively in governance, he becomes entitled to a share of the fees generated on InsurAce.

    The token also incentivizes involvement in all the different roles available on the protocol. It serves as the reward for mining through capital provision, liquidity support, staking in investment pools and products.

    There will be a total of 100 million INSUR tokens in supply. And it is planned to be launched through a Liquidity Bootstrapping Pool (LBP) on Balancer from March 15th to March 17th, 2021. The proposal would see a total of 6,675,000 tokens vested after the LBP ends – with about 45% of the total token distribution kept in SCR mining reserves.

    Conclusion

    The sheer amount of fortune going into DeFi project and associated mining mechanisms is too much to leave to the whims of hackers and project developers. The impressive progress made by pioneer insurance projects like Nexus Mutual and Augur should not be taken for granted either.

    However, these insurance protocols are still scarce in numbers and hardly enough to cover the ever-growing need of the DeFi sector.  Which makes it difficult not to root for a platform like InsurAce that puts everything in place, taking the best out of existing protocols and adding a fresh detail.

    Decentralised Finance (DeFi) series: tutorials, guides and more

    With content for both beginners and more advanced users, check out our YouTube DeFi series containing tutorials on the ESSENTIAL TOOLS you need for trading in the DeFi space e.g. MetaMask and Uniswap. As well as a deep dive into popular DeFi topics such as decentralized exchanges, borrowing-lending platforms and NFT marketplaces

    The DeFi series on this website also covers topics not explored on YouTube. For an introduction on what is DeFi, check out Decentralized Finance (DeFi) Overview: A guide to the HOTTEST trend in cryptocurrency

    Tutorials and guides for the ESSENTIAL DEFI TOOLS:

    More videos and articles are coming soon as part of our DeFi series, so be sure to SUBSCRIBE to our Youtube channel so you can be notified as soon as they come out!

    Disclaimer: Cryptocurrency trading involves significant risks and may result in the loss of your capital. You should carefully consider whether trading cryptocurrencies is right for you in light of your financial condition and ability to bear financial risks. Cryptocurrency prices are highly volatile and can fluctuate widely in a short period of time. As such, trading cryptocurrencies may not be suitable for everyone. Additionally, storing cryptocurrencies on a centralized exchange carries inherent risks, including the potential for loss due to hacking, exchange collapse, or other security breaches. We strongly advise that you seek independent professional advice before engaging in any cryptocurrency trading activities and carefully consider the security measures in place when choosing or storing your cryptocurrencies on a cryptocurrency exchange.

  • What is Privi Protocol and How Does It Benefit Content Creators?

    What is Privi Protocol and How Does It Benefit Content Creators?

    Privi Protocol is the new metaverse for content creators. It is a blockchain-based complete ecosystem that brings together decentralized social and finance to benefit the creator economy as a whole. A few features of the Privi metaverse are:

    What is Privi?

    In simple words, Privi is a crypto ecosystem built especially keeping in mind the creator community. 

    The creator community is the backbone of any social media (Instagram, Facebook, YouTube). However, while they slack, their creations help others to fill their pockets. 

    And, it’s not just filling their pockets, these hugely popular platforms take full control of the creations as well. For instance, YouTube recently updated its policy to place ads in between videos. This is done without the consent of the creators and 100% of the profit made from these ads goes to YouTube. 

    Privi, as a decentralized blockchain system doesn’t allow this. Your content will work for you and not some middlemen. You will have full rights and control over what you create. 

    Indeed, with Privi, creators will have more control over their creations and can also make money from all the hard work they put in to create content.

    Privi decentralizes social and finances by riding on blockchain technology. And, by pairing this decentralized social and finance together, Privi gives back control of content to its creators, while also benefitting them and their followers financially, which should be the case anyway. 

    Creators can create their own social communities where they will not only be able to directly connect with their fans and followers, without any middlemen milking them, they will also be able to mint their NFTs and social tokens. 

    How Does Privi Work?

    To understand how Privi works, take this example:

    Suppose you are a content creator and you build your own community of followers on Privi. Your followers would all hold a social token that is unique to you to get entry into your community. This way they have direct access to your creations and you can directly interact with them.

    Now, suppose you release new content. Only the followers who hold a certain number of your unique social tokens can access the video. If the video does well, it is not just you who gains but also the followers who have access to the video. 

    It directly benefits the creator community because they have full control over their creations and also benefit directly from them. The followers benefit as well because they too have direct access to the creations without any disruptions or interferences. 

    How can content creators benefit from Privi? You can build your own customizable DAO community networks on Privi, and you can monetize your content creation efforts with the help of tools like DeFi, social tokens, and NFTs. Apart from these financially profitable tools, Privi also offers a 3D immersive experience, DAOs, and more in its metaverse. 

    You already know what social tokens are and how they profit content creators as well as their followers in the blockchain universe. Now let us find out what the other tools are that can profit you as a content creator on Privi.

    How does Privi use NFTs? 

    Suppose you have an idea for a new content for which you need funding. You can create digital NFT pods on Privi and invite investors. All your work will be recorded on the NFT pod, which will increase in value. It benefits both the content creator and their community of followers.

    For example, suppose you are a singer song-writer. You need funding for your next venture. So, you go ahead and create a digital NFT pod for the same with the contract that the investors will have unique access to the songs you create. The followers who purchase the token for the NFT pod are the owners and they can hold the digital pod for returns or trade them. You get your funding and the owners of the NFT tokens get returns too. A win-win situation for both creators and their followers. 

    How can you utilize DeFi for monetizing your content?

    Suppose you are a new content creator on Privi who doesn’t have enough followers yet to fund your content with social tokens and NFT. What you can do is create a smart contract with the help of a DeFi tool to help fund your content initiatives. The investors who accept the contract will receive returns that are promised in the contract. This transparency and lack of middlemen interference are what makes DeFi such a lucrative way of financing content creation on Privi. 

    Privi – Safeguard Your Content

    There is more to Privi than what is given here. The above-mentioned points are just an overview of how Privi can revolutionize the content creator’s community and give back control of their creations to them.

    Privi supports cross-chain communication and the future plan is to integrate many more blockchains. 

    Privi is already integrated with ethereum blockchain, which allows instant exchange of internal and popular tokens through atomic swap. It also plans to be secured under the shared security model and become a para chain on the relay chain of Polkadot. The platform also aims to connect with bitcoin to allow easy BTC transactions in and out of the Privi network. 

    What are Privi Tokens?

    Privi tokens are your tickets for entering the Privi metaverse and start joining communities, creating content, and monetize your efforts. 

    The Privi token utilities are as follows:

    • Covers transaction fees of free to 4%
    • Are stakes for consuming content and also for earning interest 
    • Dictates priority for verifying profiles, pods, and communities
    • When staked, accompanies voting rights within the decentralized network

    However, this is not all, there is more on the way. Privi aims to launch the following soon:

    1. The Privi Data Coin (pDATA) – It is a data asset class that are exclusive to advertisers on the network. They can not only buy and sell these tokens but also transfer to other users for conversions and impressions. You can think of it as a ‘funnelling’ system that will help content creators on the platform to grab eyeballs, attract more conversions and clicks, and in turn they themselves will receive pDATA in their wallets. 
    2. Insurance – As a content creator you can choose to also insure your creations on the platform. There will be decentralized insurance pools with both anonymous and known underwriters. The insurance pool will come complete with a native Privi Insurance Coin (pINS) and a digital claims court. 

    The Privi tokens are up for presales too, if you are interested. The public launchpad according to the release and vesting plan from TGE is unlocked and the presale and public sale allocation is 32%, the valuation of which is $300,000. 

    Conclusion

    If you are a content creator tired of fighting the industry leading middlemen who ride on your hard-work to make millions, Privi is your best bet to take the control back. Blockchain is the future and Privi exclusively utilizes the technology to enhance the creator community. Now content creators can connect directly with followers and make money that profits them and their followers most. 

    Disclaimer: Cryptocurrency trading involves significant risks and may result in the loss of your capital. You should carefully consider whether trading cryptocurrencies is right for you in light of your financial condition and ability to bear financial risks. Cryptocurrency prices are highly volatile and can fluctuate widely in a short period of time. As such, trading cryptocurrencies may not be suitable for everyone. Additionally, storing cryptocurrencies on a centralized exchange carries inherent risks, including the potential for loss due to hacking, exchange collapse, or other security breaches. We strongly advise that you seek independent professional advice before engaging in any cryptocurrency trading activities and carefully consider the security measures in place when choosing or storing your cryptocurrencies on a cryptocurrency exchange.

  • Coinmama Exchange Review (2023): Accessible, User-friendly, and Top-notch Security

    Coinmama Exchange Review (2023): Accessible, User-friendly, and Top-notch Security

    Coinmama is a non-custodial cryptocurrency broker from Israel, incorporated in Europe, and Slovakia, that provides fast, safe, and convenient cryptocurrency gateway services to digital currency enthusiasts in 188 countries, including the United States, with over 2.4 million users. Coinmama is the go-to platform for buying cryptos securely and conveniently, with helpful customer support, a wide variety of payment methods, and high levels of security.

    Sign up here to get started

    What is Coinmama?

    Coinmama is a cryptocurrency broker/exchange based in Israel that offers a fast, safe and fun way to buy digital currency from anywhere in the world. With Coinmama, users can purchase Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin, and other cryptocurrencies with a credit or debit card. The service is available in 43 US states and all countries apart from those sanctioned, such as North Korea. Coinmama has been providing its services since 2013 and is committed to providing a secure and reliable platform for users to buy and sell digital currency. With their easy-to-use interface, users can quickly and easily purchase digital currency with just a few clicks. Coinmama is dedicated to providing a safe and secure platform for users to buy and sell digital currency.

    Coinmama is an exchange broker, meaning it holds the cryptocurrency and sells it directly to you for fiat money. Binance, on the other hand, is an exchange marketplace, which matches two independent buyers and sellers. Both exchanges offer a secure and convenient way to buy and sell cryptocurrencies. Coinmama has over 2 million customers in 188 countries, while Binance is one of the world’s largest cryptocurrency exchanges, with over 15 million users in more than 180 countries. Both exchanges offer competitive fees and a wide range of payment options, making them ideal for both experienced and novice cryptocurrency traders.

    Key Features of Coinmama

    Coinmama is a non-custodial cryptocurrency brokerage that makes it easy to buy and sell crypto for fiat currency, giving users full control over their funds. Other key features of the platform include:

    Capacity to buy and trade cryptocurrencies in 188 nations: Anybody can use Coinmama regardless of where they reside because it offers a global service.

    The ten largest coins are supported: Coinmama is a leading cryptocurrency platform that enables users to purchase Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), Litecoin (LTC), XRP, EOS, QTUM, Bitcoin Cash (BCH), Ethereum Classic (ETC), Cardano (ADA), and Tezos (XTZ) with ease.

    Wide range of payment options: You can purchase cryptocurrency using a credit or debit card, a bank transfer via SWIFT or SEPA, Apple Pay, Fedwire, FasterPayments, Sofort, and more.

    24-hour client service desk: Coinmama boasts of having a top-notch customer support service.

    Non-custodial, safe platform: You don’t run the danger of an additional counterparty with Coinmama because you own your private keys.

    Key Advantages of Coinmama

    Let me first describe the benefits of Coinmama.

    Daily Payment Options

    Coinmama is a popular cryptocurrency exchange that allows users to buy digital assets using their debit or credit card (fiat money). This is a great advantage for those who don’t have any other cryptocurrency to deposit, as many exchanges don’t allow for this. Coinmama is easy to use and almost every major bank issues debit and credit cards backed by Visa or MasterCard, so you shouldn’t have any problems buying from Coinmama, providing you have a bank account! With Coinmama, you can buy cryptocurrency directly from the website, just like ordering your weekly groceries online.

    Get Your Coins Right Away In Your Own Wallet

    Coinmama is a secure and reliable platform for buying cryptocurrencies. With Coinmama, you can purchase coins quickly and easily with your credit or debit card. Your coins are sent to your private wallet as soon as the payment is processed, ensuring that your funds are safe and secure. Coinmama is a great choice for those looking for a secure and convenient way to buy cryptocurrencies.

    User-Friendly Platform

    Coinmama is a cryptocurrency exchange that makes buying cryptocurrency simple and straightforward. With no prior knowledge of trading required, users can open and verify their account, enter their card details and choose how many coins they want to buy. Coinmama offers a variety of features such as market orders and kill-or-fill orders, as well as graphs, charts and statistics to help users make informed decisions. With a user-friendly interface and helpful customer support, Coinmama is a great choice for those looking to purchase cryptocurrency.

    Excellent Support Team

    Coinmama offers a secure and easy-to-use platform, with a wide range of payment options and low fees. If you have any issues with your account, Coinmama has a helpful customer support team available to assist you. You can contact them through live chat during business hours (Sunday-Thursday 9:00-18:00 GMT+3), or via email, support ticket or Facebook outside of these hours. Additionally, their FAQ page provides answers to many common questions.

    Exceptional Security

    It offers users a fast and secure way to buy and sell digital currencies. Coinmama is known for its user-friendly interface and low fees. However, it is important to note that Coinmama experienced a security breach in 2019. Despite this, Coinmama remains a popular choice for those looking to buy and sell digital currencies. It is important to do your own research before investing in any cryptocurrency exchange, and Coinmama is no exception.

    Key Disadvantages of Coinmama

    But, there are also some drawbacks to consider.

     Credit Card Fees

    Coinmama is a cryptocurrency exchange that allows users to purchase cryptocurrencies with their debit or credit cards. It is a great option for those who want to buy cryptocurrency quickly and easily. Coinmama offers competitive rates and a wide range of coins to choose from. However, users should be aware that there is an extra 5% fee when using a debit or credit card to purchase cryptocurrency. Despite this, Coinmama is a reliable and secure platform that is suitable for both beginners and experienced traders.

    Coinmama Fees

    Coinmama is a popular cryptocurrency exchange that allows users to buy and sell digital currencies with real-world money. However, users should be aware that there are fees associated with using the platform. On average, Coinmama charges a 5.5% fee for each transaction, although this can vary depending on the amount of coins being purchased. Fortunately, Coinmama does not charge any withdrawal fees, making it a cost-effective option for those looking to buy and sell digital currencies.

    Only 10 Coins to Choose From

    Coinmama is a broker exchange that allows users to buy Bitcoin (BTC) and Ethereum (ETH) with fiat money. Although it only offers 10 coins compared to other exchanges such as Kucoin which have more than 100 coins available, it still allows users to trade with all the smaller, less popular cryptos. Coinmama is a reliable and secure platform that offers fast transactions and low fees. It also provides customer support and a user-friendly interface, making it a great choice for those looking to buy BTC and ETH.

    Coinmama Verification

    The verification process is simple and straightforward, requiring users to confirm their personal details and upload a form of ID. Once the verification process is complete, users can buy up to $15,000 in coins without needing to provide any more information. The verification process is usually completed within a couple of hours, so users don’t have to wait long to start trading. Coinmama is a secure and reliable platform, making it a great choice for those looking to buy and sell digital currencies.

    Step-by-Step Guide to Buying Coins

    Now that you are fully aware of all the benefits and drawbacks of utilizing Coinmama, I’ll teach you exactly how to purchase your first coins.

    1. First, you will need to visit the official Coinmama website which can be accessed here.

    2. The simplest approach to create an account is to select the amount of bitcoin you wish to buy, enter it, and then click Purchase. Visa, MasterCard, ApplePay, SEPA, and a few other payment methods are accepted by Coinmama.

    3. Your entire name, a secure password, and the nation where you now reside must now be entered.

    4. Don’t forget to click the link Coinmama sent to your email to confirm your email address! If you don’t confirm the email right away, you’ll be asked to do so later.

    5. Once you have logged into your account, navigate to the Buy page, and select what you’d like to purchase – in this case, I’ll assume that it’s Bitcoin.

    6. You will see that you first need to verify your account. Click on “verification“.

    7. You will then be prompted to confirm your full name one more before entering your date of birth, contact information, and full address in the next window. If this doesn’t match the address on your credit card, it won’t be accepted.

    8. You must then input your identity information. Either your passport or your license will do this. Make sure you input the proper information twice to avoid slowing down the procedure. then select Next.

    9. You will then be asked to upload your documents. You will need to upload the front and back of your ID and then the following:

    • A selfie of you holding your ID.
    • An image of you holding a piece of paper saying “Coinmama” with today’s date.

    10. Following your submission, Coinmama will typically validate your ID in under ten minutes. If your pictures are blurry, they can urge you to take new ones.

    11. You will get an email after this is finished and your account has been verified. You can now purchase up to $15,000 worth of cryptocurrencies, congratulations!

    12. To finish your order, simply carry out the earlier stages once more. You will be required to input your debit or credit card information as well as your Bitcoin or Ethereum wallet address on the last step.

    Who Should Use Coinmama?

    Coinmama is a cryptocurrency broker/exchange that makes it easy for first-time buyers to purchase cryptocurrency with a debit or credit card. It is a great place to start if you want to buy a less popular coin, as you will need to trade it with another cryptocurrency such as Bitcoin or Ethereum. To do this, you will need to transfer your Bitcoin or Ethereum over to another exchange that lists the coin you want, and then trade them for that coin. If you cannot find the cryptocurrency that you’re looking for, you should check out Kucoin that has more options to choose from.

    Conclusion

    Coinmama is a popular cryptocurrency broker exchange that allows users to buy Bitcoin, Ethereum, and other cryptocurrencies with their debit or credit card. It is a secure and easy-to-use platform that is available in over 180 countries. Coinmama charges a 5.9% transaction fee and a 5% credit/debit card fee, making it one of the more expensive exchanges. However, it is one of the few exchanges that offer the option to use a debit or credit card, making it a great choice for those looking to purchase cryptocurrency for the first time. Coinmama also offers 24/7 customer support and a wide range of payment options, making it a great choice for those looking for a reliable and secure exchange.

    Disclaimer: Cryptocurrency trading involves significant risks and may result in the loss of your capital. You should carefully consider whether trading cryptocurrencies is right for you in light of your financial condition and ability to bear financial risks. Cryptocurrency prices are highly volatile and can fluctuate widely in a short period of time. As such, trading cryptocurrencies may not be suitable for everyone. Additionally, storing cryptocurrencies on a centralized exchange carries inherent risks, including the potential for loss due to hacking, exchange collapse, or other security breaches. We strongly advise that you seek independent professional advice before engaging in any cryptocurrency trading activities and carefully consider the security measures in place when choosing or storing your cryptocurrencies on a cryptocurrency exchange.

  • CBDCs: Pros, Cons, and Everything You Ever Wanted to Know

    CBDCs: Pros, Cons, and Everything You Ever Wanted to Know

    CBDCs are government-backed assets that would offer users an official way to explore existing fiat currencies in a digital manner. Stablecoins have become very popular cryptocurrency options because they function with little to no volatility, providing access to decentralized currencies without the risk of depegging in value. These assets offer stability to crypto enthusiasts who are uninterested in other assets with sudden price swings. As the number of stablecoins increased over time, many countries began to notice and eventually began exploring government-backed stablecoin cryptocurrencies, called Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs). In this article, you will learn everything you need to know about CBDCs, and their pros and cons. 

    This is a comprehensive review of CBDCs. If you want to know more about the history of CBDCs, we have also previously written about CBDCs here.

    What are Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs)?

    A CBDC is a digital form of legal tender pegged to a country’s national currency. These digital currencies are under the control of central banks, which issue the assets, govern their supply, and create related policies. CBDCs have now gained a lot of traction in the financial space. Today, countries are either launching CBDCs or doing research and analysis into the economic and technical feasibility of establishing a national digital currency.

    How Do CBDCs Work?

    CBDCs address specific concerns around crypto volatility, government backing, and transparency through distributed ledger technology (DLT). In traditional finance, banks keep track of all user transactions in a ledger for account records and audits. With distributed ledger technology, there are several copies of CBDC transaction records stored and managed individually, although uniformly updated. It also allows for much easier tracking of spending compared to cash, which is data many governments would like to have.

    Separate financial entities (usually branches of a country’s central bank) manage these records in a distributed manner via DLT. This type of distributed ledger is known as a permissioned blockchain because the central banks have total control over access and distribution, usually only authorizing a few entities to perform specific administrative roles, including altering rights and accessing records. This is in direct contrast with permissionless networks, like most leading blockchains, which allow anybody to perform transactions without needing permission from a central authority. 

    Governments may choose CBDCs because they retain control over certain aspects, such as the total supply of digital currency. On the other hand, popular cryptocurrencies have a hard supply cap that may be impossible to alter. For instance, the Bitcoin network will create only 21 million coins. Once all 21 million Bitcoins are mined, there can be no more new Bitcoins. But CBDCs can be continuously created. Since central banks are responsible for maintaining financial stability, they may choose to reduce or add to the total supply in circulation whenever they consider it necessary.

    Types of CBDCs

    There are two categories of CBDCs, largely based on the intended uses:

    Retail CBDC

    Retail CBDCs are nation-backed digital currencies used by everyday consumers and businesses. People use retail CBDCs like they would use petty cash, without worrying about security or government regulations, even though the assets are under the government’s purview. Additionally, retail CBDCs promote financial inclusion, and also help to lower costs and environmental factors associated with printing cash.

    Wholesale CBDC 

    A central bank primarily creates wholesale CBDCs with financial institutions as their main target, as this type of CBDC facilitates easier and quicker payments between financial institutions. The process of settling transactions using wholesale CBDCs is also more efficient, as permissioned blockchains help institutions resolve risks associated with liquidity and third-party payment processors. Wholesale CBDCs also improve cross-border transaction efficiency.

    CBDCs Around the World

    Several countries have begun experimenting with blockchain CBDCs, while others have already launched their own iterations. So far, more than 100 countries have officially begun exploring CBDCs, with some in the research, development, or pilot stages. As of July 2022, 10 countries have officially launched CBDCs. Some of them include: 

    • China: Digital Yuan/ e-CNY (DCEP)
    • Sweden: e-krona
    • Bahamas: Sand Dollar
    • Nigeria: eNaira
    • Eastern Caribbean Area: DXCD
    • Marshall Islands: Sovereign (SOV)
    • Russia: Digital Ruble
    • Cambodia: Bakong

    To learn more about specific CBDCs, see our review of China’s Digital Yuan/ e-CNY (DCEP) here. 

    Which is the world’s first CBDC?

    The Bahamas ‘Sand Dollar’ is the world’s first CBDC to be released and available nationwide. The Sand Dollar was released on 20th October 2020 to all 393 residents of the Bahamas. Each Sand Dollar is pegged to the Bahamian dollar, which is pegged to the US dollar.

    Pros and Benefits of CBDCs

    CBDCs potentially offer the following benefits to a nation’s financial framework:

    Simplifying Monetary Policy Implementation

    One major challenge with traditional monetary policy implementation is that it depends on intermediaries within the financial system. As wholesale CBDCs streamline the flow of funds in financial institutions, retail CBDCs establish a direct connection between central banks and the citizens that use their currency. This connection to end users effectively improves the process of implementing policies, as the central bank has first-hand knowledge of users’ needs.

    Financial Inclusion 

    CBDCs make fund distribution much easier. They potentially provide more financial inclusion by making services available to people or regions with limited banking opportunities. With CBDCs, central banks can extend access to basic financial services without building an expensive banking infrastructure. 

    Efficient Cross-Border Transactions

    CBDCs enable faster and more secure fund remittance between countries. This significantly reduces the transaction fees required to send and receive funds to and from citizens in the diaspora, as well as allows the transactions to be completed in seconds or minutes instead of days or weeks.

    Further Deter Illegal Financial Activity 

    A distributed and transparent ledger makes it easier for central banks to keep track of transactions and prevent illegal activity. Moreover, where these illicit transactions occur, they are easier to trace, and could even be reversed or frozen.

    Growth of the Fintech Sector 

    CBDCs support the growth and development of the fintech industry. With the global adoption of CBDCs, the fintech space is gradually witnessing a new technological landscape that creates new jobs and opportunities.

    Cons and Drawbacks of CBDCs

    Like any innovation, CBDCs also have drawbacks users must consider. These disadvantages include:

    Traceability and Lack of Anonymity

    Since central banks manage CBDC transactions through a ledger, they have full control over transaction records. This method does not allow for user anonymity and is in direct contrast with the anonymous nature of most other cryptocurrencies and cash.

    Threat to Privacy

    Privacy is one of the key drivers behind cryptocurrency adoption. CBDCs may require that central authorities intrude on private users to monitor transactions and combat financial crimes like money laundering. No longer will there be private transactions, as everything is recorded on a ledger controlled by the country’s central banking entity.

    High Risk of Cyber Attack

    A central bank’s digital currency may attract malicious parties who want to swindle large amounts of money from one source. CBDCs must use top-of-the-line cybersecurity measures to prevent breaches effectively.

    Creating a social credit system?

    Maajid Nawaz, a social activist and co-founder of British think tank Qiulliam, has suggested that CBDCs can essentially create a social credit system. For example, people can be barred from spending their CBDCs on buses or trains, which will effectively limit their freedom to travel as they wish.

    Differences Between CBDCs and Cryptocurrencies

    Apart from centralization, here are some other ways in which CBDCs differ from cryptocurrencies: 

    • The use cases of CBDCs include payments and monetary transactions. On the other hand, crypto assets have selected applications, and not all institutions and companies accept cryptocurrencies as a payment option.
    • There is generally more value to safety with CBDCs. In a stable political and inflationary nation, CBDCs maintain their value over time since they are a fiat currency of the issuing country. For decentralized crypto assets, the cryptocurrency’s value depends on market speculation and user sentiments, which makes them much more volatile.
    • Central banks can maintain all aspects of CBDCs, including planning and deployment. On the other hand, cryptocurrencies have a decentralized decision-making process. 

    Conclusion 

    Considering the efforts and attention that central banks have dedicated to CBDCs, mainstream adoption of these assets is all but imminent. Global adoption of CBDCs will effectively boost the crypto industry’s growth as more people begin to carry out CBDC transactions and look for viable alternatives. CBDCs will also help central banks penetrate a country’s unbanked or underbanked population, which is fantastic for their underserved citizenry. 

    In the end, nations may enjoy better financial stability from CBDCs. With a centrally regulated, government-backed digital currency in circulation, central banks can enact monetary policies easily and with more transparency in distribution. CBDCs could eventually become the standard for local payments and also for cross-border transactions.

  • Moongate Features Innovative NFT Solutions in Taipei Blockchain Week

    Moongate Features Innovative NFT Solutions in Taipei Blockchain Week

    Taipei Blockchain Week

    Taipei Blockchain Week, the largest Web3 event in Taiwan, was held last week from December 12-17, 2022. Similar to TOKEN2049 Singapore, the event features a series of keynotes, panel discussions, workshops, and meetups with some of the leading developers and entrepreneurs in the Web3 industry. Speakers of the event included core team members from Avalanche, Solana, Filecoin, Moongate and many more, where they talked about the real-world applications of blockchain technology and the future landscape of crypto.

    Moongate, in particular, has introduced an end-to-end solution for brands and businesses to create customized NFTs for ticketing and memberships. In fact, Moongate is the official ticketing partner of Taipei Blockchain Week, having issued 4000 tickets for the event’s attendees. Despite the NFT industry getting a bad rap, Moongate helps bring meaningful and productive application of Web3 into the Web2 world with real utility NFTs that can greatly benefit everyday retail consumers. Let’s take a look at what they have to offer.

    What is Moongate?

    Moongate provides an end-to-end, no-code solution for brands and businesses looking to transform their user engagement experience via Web3. Its user application covers (1) membership and loyalty programs, (2) events and conferences, and (3) NFT projects. All customers will be able to own their membership as NFTs which unlock token-gated rewards and access.

    CEO of Moongate Jonathan Mui told Boxmining that they have helped brands, businesses, conferences, and sports leagues with NFT-empowered memberships and tickets. So far, Moongate has 30+ live programs, 50+ ecosystem partners, and 5000+ end customers. Notable partners include Polygon, SimpleHash (backed by Y Combinator), DTTD (backed by Animoca Brands), Limewire and many more.

    How Does Moongate’s App Work?

    Moongate’s User App is very easy to use, catering to both Web3 and Web2 users. You can create an account, which is also your crypto wallet, with your email, phone number or social media account. For experienced Web3 users, you can instead use your self-custodial wallet such as MetaMask to sign up.

    Private Key Security Features

    To onboard Web2 users more easily, there won’t be any traditional Web3 private key management such as seed phrases. Moongate understands that with traditional private keys, users can never get their NFTs back if they lose their key. This can be a problem for most Web2 users who are not used to Web3 interfaces.

    Instead, Moongate is collaborating with some of the top endpoint security solutions to implement a next-gen key management architecture. Its security infrastructure involves two independently-created mathematical secret shares, eliminating the single point of failure for traditional private keys. The wallet is still non-custodial as users have full control over their NFTs but it also allows them to restore their account safely if they delete the App or lose their phones.

    User App Interface

    In the App, users can enroll in membership programs via one-click join/redemption. Users can view and claim exclusive benefits tied to their NFT memberships. Tiered rewards can be earned, and benefits will increase overtime with increased spending/usage. Moreover, users can earn token rewards by completing promotions, and use tokens to claim extra rewards across partnered brands.

    Moongate App

    Mui said that it is important for Moongate to integrate blockchain technology with legacy systems so that it would require less steps and create less friction for Web2 users to get onboard while reaping the benefits of Web3. Since most retail customers are accustomed to Point of Sale (POS) systems, Mui said that adopting some of the Web2 approaches can help make their product scalable and viable.

    Merchant Setup for Moongate’s App

    Apart from retail customers, brands and businesses with no Web3 knowledge can also easily manage their Moongate account. NFT projects can keep track of the holders engagement for future rewards and airdrops, without requiring holders to reveal personal information.

    NFT Design and Minting

    Users can create, deploy, and mint their own NFTs without any coding knowledge. Moongate’s smart contract builder is a simple drag-and-drop deployment. It supports dynamic NFT integration and can be issued on multiple chains. Moongate’s mint site builder provides customized storefront design with personalized information. Users can checkout with fiat or crypto via Web2 social logins or crypto wallets.

    Moongate App

    Utility Management Dashboard

    No-code dashboards are available for merchants and projects to set the parameters of online or offline token-gated content, access, and discounts across different tiers of membership. There are also key applications on offline discounts, exclusive events, and online e-commerce stores. Additionally, off-chain data can be captured to support corresponding changes to dynamic NFTs.

    Moongate App

    NFT Ownership Verification

    Moongate has a one-scan solution to complete real-time, on-chain NFT ownership verification across multiple blockchains including Ethereum, Polygon, and Solana. Users will have their own ephemeral QR code for merchants to scan and verify as it supports whitelabel integration with other apps or third-party scanners. Moreover, it is also compatible with near-field communication (NFC) “phygital” gateways, which are essentially physical cards that hold the QR code verification.

    Moongate App

    NFT Usage Management and Analytics Portal

    Moongate provides data analytics for merchants and projects to monitor membership usage in real-time and post-attendance. It can integrate with traditional technology stack such as POS and CRM (Customer Relationship Management) marketing software. The portal also displays API for data integration with other sites, supporting tracking of spending credits.

    Moongate App

    Key Takeaway

    Moongate introduces a new paradigm in customer loyalty while maintaining positive business impact. It changes how businesses can build better branding and how customers approach purchasing goods and services.

    Since customers can truly own their NFT membership, they can also choose to sell the NFT along with all the rewards stored in it, as the NFT is a transferrable token. That way instead of “spending”, customers are actually investing because they are creating value for their NFT. This also helps businesses better connect with the next generation of customers, lowering their Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC). After all, that is what Web3 is all about — ownership by users.

  • Binance Steps Up Regulatory Efforts in the U.S.

    Binance Steps Up Regulatory Efforts in the U.S.

    Binance, the world’s largest cryptocurrency exchange by trading volume, has joined the Chamber of Digital Commerce, an American lobbying group, to help establish crypto regulation in the United States. The Chamber of Digital Commerce is a leading blockchain and crypto trade association with members such as Citi, Visa, MasterCard, Dapper Labs, Ripple, and Circle.

    This move comes as U.S. lawmakers are moving aggressively towards regulating the crypto space as result of FTX’s collapse in November as well as the Terra Luna collapse in May. Billions of dollars’ worth of crypto assets were stolen and lost, prompting politicians and regulators in the U.S. to take strict action.

    It is without a doubt that Binance also played a key part in the collapse of FTX. After Binance CEO Changpeng Zhao (CZ) learned of the unethical flywheel scheme that Alameda Research and FTX were taking part in, he announced on Twitter that he would liquidate all of Binance’s FTT holdings, FTX’s native token.

    Shortly afterwards, as investors got hold of the news, they quickly rushed to withdraw their assets, leading to a liquidity crunch in FTX. CZ then announced that Binance had signed a non-binding letter of intent to acquire FTX to help and protect customers, but pulled out the next day after realizing the massive hole in FTX’s balance sheets.

    Despite CZ’s efforts to protect the crypto industry, some believed that Binance is to blame. Former FTX spokesman Kevin O’Leary testified at the Senate Banking Committee hearing, saying that Binance “intentionally put FTX out of business”, even though FTX was already engaging in illegal activities. Regardless, lawmakers and regulators began diverting their attention to Binance.

    According to Reuters, U.S. authorities are currently considering filing criminal charges against top executives of Binance including CZ, relating to money laundering allegations in 2018. However, Binance defended against Reuters, saying that they are attacking Binance’s law enforcement team who have strictly complied with anti-money laundering policies.

    As of now, the U.S. Department of Justice is still divided over whether to prosecute Binance. It is unclear whether they will pursue this four-year long case. Given the circumstances, Binance’s decision to join the Chamber of Digital Commerce is an effort to help establish policies that benefit and protect users, and to provide education and advocacy on the use of digital assets and blockchain-based technologies.

    Binance’s Vice President of Public Affairs Joanne Kubba said that “working hand in glove with policymakers, regulatory bodies, and industry groups like the Chamber is imperative for Binance.”

  • Nigeria Plans to Phase Out Cash in Favor of CBDC – Good or Bad?

    Nigeria Plans to Phase Out Cash in Favor of CBDC – Good or Bad?

    Central Bank of Nigeria Limits Cash Withdrawals

    On December 6, 2021, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) announced a cap on cash withdrawals, either over the counter or via ATMs, in an effort to encourage the adoption of digital currency and move towards a cashless society. The new policy affects more than 200 million people and will take effect from January 9, 2023. It includes a limit of ₦100,000 ($225) per week for individuals and ₦500,000 ($1,123) for businesses, as well as a daily ATM withdrawal cap of ₦20,000 ($45).

    The CBN launched the eNaira in October 2021, a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) that uses blockchain technology and is accessible on all bank apps and Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD). The eNaira is intended to help shrink the country’s large pool of the unbanked and boost the economy, as well as to help tax authorities track income and net worth more easily. However, the policy has seen backlashes and slow adoption due to its economy being largely powered by cash transactions.

    The new policy has been met with resistance from POS (point of sale) cash point operators, who fear it will compromise their business and affect their livelihood. Moreover, most business sectors in Nigeria are largely cash-driven and do not have digital payment alternatives.

    CBN Governor Godwin Emefiele said the policy is reversible and will be reviewed from time to time how they can best implement it. Despite their reassurance, several Nigerian businesses believe that the cashless policy will never work given the country’s financial circumstances. Rise, a digital investment platform based in Nigeria, stated in a subscribers-only blog that the many charges attached to the country’s cashless policy are burdensome, and that the informal economy is not primed for cashless transactions.

    Quick Summary

    • Nigeria’s Central Bank announced a cap on cash withdrawals, with individuals limited to ₦100,000 ($225) per week and businesses limited to ₦500,000 ($1,123).
    • The eNaira, Nigeria’s central bank digital currency, was launched in October 2021 and uses blockchain technology.
    • The policy will take effect from January 9, 2023, and will encourage the use of alternative channels such as internet banking, mobile banking apps, USSD, cards/POS, and eNaira.
    • The policy has been met with some resistance due to its impact on the informal economy and the additional charges attached to the cashless policy.
    • The policy is intended to promote financial inclusion and increase tax revenue, but trust in government institutions is necessary for its success.
    What is the cashless policy announced by the Central Bank of Nigeria?

    The new policy announced by the Central Bank of Nigeria is a cap on cash withdrawals, with individuals limited to ₦100,000 ($225) per week and businesses limited to ₦500,000 ($1,123). ATM withdrawals will be capped at ₦20,000 ($45) per day.

    What is the eNaira?

    The eNaira is Nigeria’s central bank digital currency, launched in October 2021. It uses blockchain technology and is accessible on all bank apps and USSD.

    When will Nigeria’s cashless policy take effect?

    The new policy will take effect from January 9, 2023.

    What is the purpose of Nigeria’s cashless policy?

    The policy is intended to promote financial inclusion and help tax authorities track income and net worth more easily, but trust in government institutions is necessary for its success.

    What are the potential impacts of the new policy?

    The new policy has been met with some resistance due to the fact that most business sectors in Nigeria are largely cash-driven and do not have digital payment alternatives.

     

  • MetaMask Integrates PayPal Payment in the U.S. for Easier ETH Purchases

    MetaMask Integrates PayPal Payment in the U.S. for Easier ETH Purchases

    MetaMask Enables U.S. Users to Purchase ETH via PayPal

    MetaMask developer ConsenSys has announced the integration of a PayPal payment option to its software wallet. Users will be able to buy and transfer Ethereum (ETH) by logging into the mobile MetaMask app, tapping on the “Buy” button, and selecting “PayPal.” This will redirect users to PayPal, where they can complete their transaction OR send ETH from their PayPal account to their MetaMask wallet.

    This feature will be rolled out to all U.S. users first in the coming weeks, as they are one of MetaMask’s largest markets in terms of users. For MetaMask’s desktop browser extension, MetaMask Product Manager Lorenzo Santos told Decrypt via email that it will be available in the next quarter.

    As of now, it is unclear whether the feature will be deployed in other countries or if other cryptos will also be available for purchase. Since ConsenSys is run by Ethereum co-founder Joe Lubin and MetaMask is an EVM-only wallet, it makes sense that ETH purchases are focused first.

    Unlocking the Web3 Ecosystem with MetaMask and PayPal

    As one of the top crypto wallet providers, MetaMask is often a starting point for users interacting with DeFi applications, GameFi, and metaverse platforms. And because PayPal is one of the largest online payment systems with 432 million active accounts worldwide, adding PayPal to MetaMask could broaden the customer base, making it easier for newcomers to enter the Web3 ecosystem.

    Santos stated in the press release, “this integration with PayPal will allow our U.S. users to not just buy crypto seamlessly through MetaMask, but also to easily explore the Web3 ecosystem.” 

    Traditional Payment Companies Expanding to Web3

    Over the past year, more and more traditional payment companies have been integrating crypto into their services. In fact, PayPal first began offering customers the ability to buy, sell, and hold crypto on its platform in 2020, and allowed customers to checkout with Bitcoin, Litecoin, Ethereum, and Bitcoin Cash in 2021. In June 2022, PayPal also enables customers to transfer crypto from PayPal to other wallets or exchanges. And now with the new integration into MetaMask, we can expect PayPal to release more new features gradually.

    Other traditional payment companies have also followed suit. Cash App, the number one finance app in the App Store, has also added support for transactions via the Bitcoin Lightning Network, the layer-2 protocol for Bitcoin’s blockchain. Stripe, an Irish-American financial services company, has also launched its own tool to help Web3 companies, allowing their customers to buy crypto with fiat.

    Other global financial services have also hinted at the possibility of dabbling into crypto. In October, Western Union filed trademark applications for managing wallets, exchanging digital assets and commodities derivatives, issuing tokens of value, and brokerage and insurance service, according to trademark attorney Mike Kondoudis.

  • Are Crypto Trading Bots Safe to Use?

    Are Crypto Trading Bots Safe to Use?

    While crypto trading bots can be profitable for users, like with any form of automated trading, there are always risks involved. Therefore, it is important to consider whether or not using a trading bot is the right decision for you. In this article, we will explain how crypto trading bots work, the advantages they offer, and the risks involved.

    What are Crypto Trading Bots?

    Crypto trading bots are software programs that use algorithms to analyze market data and automate trading tasks. Users can enter specific parameters for the bots to buy and sell crypto, depending on the users’ trading strategies and goals. Spot trading is the most common way to use trading bots. More experienced traders can also use bots in leveraged trading, arbitrage trading, options, and futures.

    It is important to remember that trading bots are NOT money-making machines. They only execute trading orders automatically based on the commands you give them. It is essentially an extension of your trading skills. Before operating one, you should have some understanding of technical analysis (identifying bullish or bearish trends) and risk management.

    How do Crypto Trading Bots Work?

    Crypto trading bots typically access a user’s crypto exchange account by using the exchange’s application programming interface (API). An API is a set of protocols and tools that allow one piece of software to interact with another. The user will first need to create an API key for the exchange. This key will grant the trading bot access to the user’s account and allow it to execute trades on the user’s behalf.

    It is important to note that users must specify which specific permissions the API key should have before connecting the bot to the exchange account. Users should ONLY allow bots to execute trades, and disable other personal options such as withdrawing funds and viewing account information.

    There are many reputable platforms that provide trading bot services such as 3Commas, Pionex, Cryptohopper, TradeSanta, and KuCoin Trading Bot. However, this does not mean they are risk-free. Users should carefully do their research and select the one they trust to hand over their API keys. We will cover more about the entailed risks below.

    Advantages of Using Crypto Trading Bots

    Crypto trading bots are generally considered to be more effective than manual trading for several reasons.

    Execute orders faster and more accurately

    Based on predefined rules and algorithms, trading bots can track market data for hundreds of trading pairs on several markets simultaneously and execute large trades in a matter of a few milliseconds. On the other hand, a human trader would have to spend a lot more time analyzing market conditions one by one and make decisions based on their own judgment.

    Operate 24/7 without human emotion

    Additionally, trading bots only follow logic, removing the emotional and psychological biases that are the bane of human traders. Trading bots can also operate 24/7 and trade on multiple crypto exchanges, taking advantage of market opportunities that may be difficult for a human trader to spot. Therefore, trading bots help automate and streamline the trading process, which saves a lot of time and reduces human error.

    Efficient in building wealth over time

    The efficiency of trading bots allows them to execute hundreds of trades within an hour if there is enough trading volume and volatility for the asset being traded by the bot. This is also achieved by setting the take-profit percentage low for the bot to consistently enter and exit trades. This is essentially dollar-cost averaging (DCA) on a much smaller time frame — profits are compounded over time, leading to continuous growth of the crypto portfolio.

    Risks of Using Crypto Trading Bots

    Though crypto trading bots are useful tools, the risk they pose is twofold: security and market conditions.

    API Key Leak/Hack

    One major risk is the potential for the API key to be hacked or otherwise compromised, potentially allowing an attacker to gain access to the user’s account and steal their funds or sensitive information. Additionally, if the API key is not properly secured, it may be possible for unauthorized users to access the user’s account and make trades without the user’s knowledge or consent.

    Following the collapse of FTX, there have been numerous reports of unauthorized trades initiated via API keys, suggesting a database leak in trading bot platforms such as 3Commas. Though shortly after the attack, 3Commas provided evidence that the attacks were not a result of a leak from their database. They believed that victims’ API keys were phished or compromised from an outside source.

    Extremely Volatile Market Movements

    Sudden market movements can have a significant impact on the performance of crypto trading bots. Because these bots are designed to buy and sell cryptocurrencies based on pre-programmed rules, they cannot adapt quickly to sudden changes in the market. This could lead to bots triggering unfavorable buy orders, in which their take-profit order will never close as the market continually declines. Bots are only profitable if there is enough volatility for them to get in and out quickly and regularly.

    For human traders, this is when they perform better than bots. They can take breaks and step away from the market when necessary. For these reasons, it is important for users to monitor the market and be prepared to adjust their trading strategies as needed in response to sudden changes.

    Key Takeaway

    While crypto trading bots can help traders take advantage of market opportunities, their risks are arguably greater than their benefits, especially given the shortcomings of many centralized platforms today. By sharing your API keys, you are practically giving a third party access to your crypto exchange accounts. Should they get hacked or become fraudulent, you run the risk of losing all your funds.

    However, that is not to say that crypto trading bots are bad, especially in the longer scheme of things. After all, 90% of the stock market’s total turnover are done by algorithmic trading (trading bots), according to JPMorgan research. But with repeated cases of centralized failure in the crypto industry, it is best to approach these platforms with caution for now.

  • 5 Reasons to be excited about Ethereum (According to Vitalik)

    5 Reasons to be excited about Ethereum (According to Vitalik)

    Ethereum Founder Vitalik Buterin recently discussed in his blog post his excitement about Ethereum and its potential. He admits that originally, he was more general about what Ethereum can achieve. But now, after so many projects being developed on Ethereum, he is shifting his gaze to applications already known to work. In this article, we look at some Vitalik’s reasons as to why we should be excited for Ethereum and its potential.

    What is Ethereum?

    Ethereum is an open-source, public, blockchain-based distributed computing platform featuring smart contract (scripting) functionality. It provides a decentralized virtual machine known as the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM). The EVM can execute scripts using an international network of public nodes. Ethereum also provides a cryptocurrency token called “ether” ($ETH). Ether ($ETH) can be transferred between accounts and used to compensate participant nodes for computations performed. Ethereum was proposed in late 2013 by Vitalik Buterin and launched in 2015.

    To learn more about Ethereum, check out our article: Ethereum 2.0 is coming- Here’s what you NEED to know.

    Reason 1: Ethereum as a form of payment

    In countries with fewer links to the global financial system or with extreme inflation, cryptocurrency (and Ethereum) is a valuable asset. Vitalik realised this in December 2021 when he was able to pay for meals using cryptocurrency in Argentina.

    One obstacle to the more widespread use of cryptocurrency, according to Vitalik, was high transaction fees. At the time, fees cost about a third of his meal, and several minutes to confirm. However, since he and the restaurant owner had Binance wallets, they were able to transfer the funds instantly for free.

    Since then, there have been significant improvements to the Ethereum network. After the Ethereum Merge transactions are being processed at a much faster and more stable rate. Scaling technologies such as rollups will even further push Ethereum’s scalability. Technologies such as social recovery and multisig wallets with account abstraction are also improving wallet security. It may take years for these technologies to mature, but progress is certainly being made.

    Donations are a notable use case for cryptocurrency. For example, we saw donations being made to Ukraine and refugees relying on digital currencies as a form of payment.

    To learn more, check out our article: Crypto war- The role of cryptocurrencies in the Russian-Ukraine conflict.

    In addition, countries’ adoption of CBDCs (e.g. China’s DCEP/e-CNY) has led to serious concerns about financial surveillance and control. According to Vitalik, cryptocurrency is the only technology that can combine digitalization with privacy.

    This makes payments one of the major reasons to be excited for Ethereum and its potential.

    Reason 2: Decentralized Finance (DeFi)

    Vitalik also sees huge potential in DeFi. In particular, he considers the following DeFi products to be especially important:

    • Decentralized stablecoins: Decentralized stablecoins are considered a secure and stable digital money. Essentially, halfway between holding crypto assets and withdrawing to fiat currency. They are also usually pegged to a reserved asset, such as the US Dollar, making it less volatile than most cryptocurrencies. Decentralized stablecoins have added aspects of being fully transparent and non-custodial. An example of decentralized stablecoins is the DAI token, DUSD or EOSDT.
    • Prediction markets: Prediction markets have been a reliable part of the DeFi landscape since Augur launched in 2015. They have been gaining traction ever since, demonstrating their utility in the 2020 US election. Allowing people to predict (and profit) from the outcome of the 2020 US elections. In 2022, both crypto-based prediction markets such as Polymarket, and play-money markets like Metaculus are becoming even more popular. Crypto-based prediction markets are advantageous, as they are more trustworthy and accessible worldwide. Vitalik expects these markets to continuously grow in terms of usage and value over time.
    • Other synthetic assets: Major stock indices and real estate have the potential to be replicated in the same way as stablecoins. However, there is a challenge in creating an appropriate balance of decentralization and efficiency to make these assets available at reasonable rates of return.
    • Glue layers: These will be necessary to allow users to easily trade between different assets, such as ETH, centralized or decentralized stablecoins, synthetic assets, etc.

    Reason 3: Blockchain Identity

    Vitalik is bullish on blockchain identity. Blockchain identity uses blockchain technology for aspects of identification such as basic authentication, attestations, naming, and proof of personhood. An example mentioned by Vitalik is the Sign In With Ethereum (SIWE) standard. The SIWE standard lets users log into websites similar to how we use Google or Facebook to automatically log in. But with SIWE, we can log into sites without fear of Google or Facebook accessing our private information, or locking our accounts. SIWE is currently used in end-to-end encrypted email, Skiff and many blockchain-based alternative social media projects.

    Also, ENS allows usernames to be used with proof-of-personhood systems. This can enable users to prove that they are actually human. This is especially useful for airdrops and governance, as it ensures fairness and prevents abuse. Proof-of-attendance protocol can also confirm a person’s participation and thus their eligibility for airdrops and participation in governance.

    Vitalik believes that each of these applications has its individual uses. But the true utility will be seen when these aspects are all combined. For example, users can log on to Blockscan chat using Ethereum, making them visible by their ENS name. Then, to fight spam, Blockscan chat could “verify” accounts by examining their proof-of-attendance protocols. This verification process could show information on a user’s participation, and even verify token balances or a proof-of-personhood profile. In turn, it can be determined whether the user should be eligible for rewards and perks.

    Reason 4: DAOs

    DAOs (Decentralized Autonomous Organizations) are smart contracts that represent an ownership or control structure over an asset or process. Vitalik believes there is still room for improvement for DAOs, particularly in terms of ensuring they are not abused. For example, DAOs are crucial for the long-term survival of decentralized stablecoins. But, there have been cases of malicious actors abusing DAOs to drain DeFi projects out of hundreds of millions.

    Reason 5: Hybrid applications

    Finally, Vitalik believes there are applications that can take advantage of both blockchains and other systems in order to improve their trust models. For example, voting can utilise systems such as MACI to combine blockchains, ZK-SNARKs, and a limited centralized (or M-of-N) layer for scalability and coercion resistance. This will allow voting to be censorship resistant, auditable, and private.

    Conclusion

    According to Vitalik, we are only at the beginning stages of building applications that will push Ethereum’s potential even further. Currently, these applications face the challenges of the limits of present-day technology, such as the lack of scalability of blockchains. There will also be other challenges to come, such as privacy issues.

    However, there are numerous reasons to be excited for Ethereum, because all these problems can be solved. Vitalik believes that it will require us to look beyond the quest for excitement and short-term profit. Because sometimes, it is the more stable and boring applications that become the most useful and valuable in the long run.