Boxmining v2

Author: benson

  • Konomi Network ($KONO): bringing money markets to Polkadot

    Konomi Network ($KONO): bringing money markets to Polkadot

    Utilizing Substrate as a development blueprint, Konomi Network aims to develop a fully interoperable service product that allows users to trade cryptocurrencies, manage their holdings, and make a profit out of decentralized money market options for the Polkadot ecosystem.

    Background

    The problem that has since limited the use of cryptocurrencies and hindered its mass adoption is the lack of interoperability. Holders of a particular token belonging to a different blockchain cannot easily make cross-chain transactions. This also means that all other digital asset providers cannot simply work together to provide financial services due to network restrictions.

    Konomi Network is designed to solve that issue. Built on top of the Polkadot blockchain, the project addresses the problem with gas fees on Ethereum. This is to improve transaction speed and network scalability.

    As of now, the protocol already supports a decentralized liquidity swap and money market. The team behind Konomi is currently working on the launch of the bridge to Polkadot’s parachains, wallets, and the open virtual machine to support smart contracts. Before the end of the year, the team is planning to launch the Konomi mainnet on the Polkadot ecosystem, link with other assets through a cross-chain bridge, as well as introduce fiat payments.

    What is the Konomi Network?

    Konomi Network is an independent blockchain project that features a comprehensive asset management platform on top of the Polkadot ecosystem. It provides cross-chain products and services such as trading, lending, and deposits. Since the platform is supported by parachains and Ethereum bridges, it can facilitate blockchain-agnostic services.

    One of the strongest suits of the platform is its liquidity. Any trader can access liquidity from other exchanges through the platform in performing their trades and it relies on automated market makers (AMM) to supply buy and sell orders without the need for order books.

    For further decentralization, the platform implements the same consensus model as Polkadot, the Nominated Proof of Stake (NPoS). In this system, network security is maintained by the validators selected by the protocol’s stakers. They can freely choose how much they want to delegate to a validator and earn rewards in proportion to the amount of their stake.

    In the beta phase of the platform, it can be accessed as a web application. But in the next upgrades, the team will introduce a mobile version with the objective of making it easier for users to open the application.

    Konomi Wallet

    Konomi Wallet features a decentralized asset storage function. Users can freely deposit their cryptocurrencies on the wallet while still being able to monitor their holdings across different protocols. Through this application, users can also access either Konomi Trade or Lend easily.

    Konomi Trade

    Konomi Trade allows users to conduct their trades with the supply of liquidity coming from different markets in the Polkadot network. Supported by its AMM implementation, traders enjoy immediate on-chain transaction execution without the need for any third-party facilitator.

    Konomi Lend

    Konomi Lend is a decentralized money market protocol designed to allow users to borrow and lend their digital assets to other interested users. This product features the collateralized debt position model. This is where borrowers are required to lock at least the minimum amount specified for collateralization before they are allowed to make loans. For now, Konomi supports Polkadot’s native token (DOT) for collateralization.

    Decentralized Trading Protocol

    Konomi is designed to implement AMMs that are similarly deployed in most Ethereum-based exchanges. Its architecture is patterned after the DODO exchange, allowing it to effectively mitigate the risks of impermanent loss on the part of the traders.

    Decentralized Money Market

    Konomi’s money market protocol backs its borrowing and lending services for assets based on the Polkadot ecosystem. The interest rates imposed on borrowing depend on the total supply and demand in the platform’s liquidity pool. Patterned after the Compound protocol, these rates will be computed on a per-block basis.

    For those who would like to supply assets to the protocol’s existing liquidity pools, they can lock their holdings in smart contracts as collateral to earn lending interest. This also lets them access borrowing services.

    Cross-Chain Messaging Passing Feature

    Konomi will implement the Cross-Chain Messaging Passing (XCMP) function in order to achieve interoperability. XCMP is designed to link parachains together for the purposes of relaying transactions from one network to the other.

    What this does is it allows transactions made in different parachains to work despite their independence with each other. This allows users to tap other markets on the Polkadot ecosystem even if their assets are only on the Konomi protocol.

    KONO Token

    KONO is Konomi’s native utility token that is used to pay for the platform’s minimal transaction fees, trade between other market participants, collateral for loans in the network, staking, and protocol governance. The supply of KONO is limited and fixed to 100 million tokens.

    KONO token uses
    KONO token uses

    KONO holders are given the right to cast their votes on network proposals concerning different protocol parameters such as staking fee, transaction fee burn, liquidity mining ratio, and others. Participants to the governance mechanism are also given rewards for joining.

    The reward system for the protocol is also powered by KONO tokens. Those who stake their tokens and supply liquidity to the protocol are entitled to a reward proportional to the amount of token they locked in the network.

    Conclusion

    Konomi is an up-and-coming addition to the array of decentralized finance (DeFi) products in the space today. Since its infrastructure is supported by the Polkadot blockchain, it can stand to be a valuable competitor of other decentralized money markets and asset management services in the near future. Furthermore, its products can potentially entice a lot of users looking to make additional profit out of their holdings through staking. Its outlook for future adoption is positive.

    However, until the platform is fully operational, we cannot absolutely compare it with the initiatives that were first launched in the market. While Konomi is built on a high-performing blockchain with cross-chain functionality, its application’s capacity to support the needs of its users is still going to be the best metric for its growth and success.

    Disclaimer: Cryptocurrency trading involves significant risks and may result in the loss of your capital. You should carefully consider whether trading cryptocurrencies is right for you in light of your financial condition and ability to bear financial risks. Cryptocurrency prices are highly volatile and can fluctuate widely in a short period of time. As such, trading cryptocurrencies may not be suitable for everyone. Additionally, storing cryptocurrencies on a centralized exchange carries inherent risks, including the potential for loss due to hacking, exchange collapse, or other security breaches. We strongly advise that you seek independent professional advice before engaging in any cryptocurrency trading activities and carefully consider the security measures in place when choosing or storing your cryptocurrencies on a cryptocurrency exchange.

  • Persistence ($XPRT): Bringing DeFi to institutions?

    Persistence ($XPRT): Bringing DeFi to institutions?

    Persistence ($XPRT) is an asset-based lending/borrowing and debt issuance/management hybrid protocol, bringing the power of real-world assets to DeFi. It does so by facilitating crypto-assets borrowing, using real-world assets as invoiced NFTs, and then using them as wrapped financial products.

    Persistence One is designed to enhance the transfer of value between the two worlds of finance by enabling value transfer through seamless interoperability via on-off ramps. It was developed to promote open and inclusive finance in addition to solving inefficiencies in payments and financing.


    Check out our interview with CEO and Co-founder Tushar Aggarwal

    https://youtu.be/rGNtrNUyTEY
    Bridging DeFi and traditional finance- Persistence w/ Tushar Aggarwal

    What is Persistence?

    Persistence is an asset-based lending/borrowing and debt issuance/management hybrid protocol, bringing the power of real-world assets to DeFi. It does so by facilitating crypto-assets borrowing, using real-world assets as invoiced NFTs, and then using them as wrapped financial products.

    Persistence One is designed to enhance the transfer of value between the two worlds of finance by enabling value transfer through seamless interoperability via on-off ramps. It was developed to promote open and inclusive finance in addition to solving inefficiencies in payments and financing.

    Background And History

    The project was launched in January 2020. The Persistence team is multicultural and consists of experienced members with sound technical backgrounds. They come from various traditional finance and blockchain companies. As such, they are familiar with the limitations of the current DeFi and centralised finance (CeFi) systems and are aware of what needs to be improved.

    Persistence protocol is led by CEO Tushar Aggarwal and CTO Deepanshu Tripathi, both with legacy finance applications development experience. The team believes that three core elements namely Capital, Technology, and Media are crucial for the success of a project and work to establish a balance between them.

    How does Persistence work?

    Their mode of operation lies in four steps of (1) tokenization; (2) trading; (3) the origination of debt and (4) its securitization. The process begins with tokenizing real-world assets’ invoices as NFTs. This is done so that the assets can be represented adequately on the blockchain.

    Next, comes the trading of such NFTs against stablecoins.

    Stablecoins are then borrowed by putting real-world assets representing NFTs as collateral, the birth of loans. The fourth and last step is the packaging of the loans into different pools to create fixed income investable products – a process known as securitization of debt. 

    Why use blockchain?

    A key question at this point relates to the reason and advantages of using blockchain for such activities. The mission of Persistence is to increase the speed and efficiency of value transfer, as well as make it more secure. As it happens, blockchains specialize in such matters.

    Some advantages for Persistence to use blockchain for their operations includes:

    1. It allows for capital movement in a trustless, borderless, and “free from time constraints” manner.
    2. Blockchains permit invoices, letters of credit and bills of lading, etc. to be tokenized and turned into divisible assets as NFTs.
    3. Introduces the decentralized exchange for uncensorable and secure trading of real-world assets against stablecoins.
    4. Results in the creation of debt marketplaces for lending/borrowing.

    Persistence’s approach

    Persistence has applied a dual-focus approach for the successful execution of the project. The institutional focus utilizes the asset-based lending use case for physical commodity traders and financiers. Secondly, is the crypto focus, which allows blockchain-based assets to integrate with real-world yield-bearing assets.

    Persistence blockchain system

    As a Proof of Stake (PoS) blockchain system, the protocol has three layers of Persistence chains (app-chains deriving security from the main-chain and its validators), Persistence SDK (a plug and play module system powering functionality on the network), and Persistence dApps (finance-based applications).

    Its design principles are chain sovereignty (independent secure blockchain operation), liquidity, and usability for business purposes. The Persistence protocol blockchain system is privacy-preserving by default yet legal and regulatory-compliant, is integrated with FIAT on and off-ramps, and allows for simplification of processes.

    Persistence SDK is by far the platform’s most important implementation of the blockchain. The Software Development Kit is a system of highly effective modules that enable the creation of marketplaces, yielding to a fast and comprehensive exchange of value.

    Overall, the SDK protocol is characterized by four key features, being accessibility, liquidity, innovation, and sustainability. These factors power the protocol and allow the Persistence One platform to elevate physical commodities on-chain as NFTs. 

    Additionally, through the SDK factors, the platform can efficiently implement crypto with real-world use cases ensuring a continuous stream of sustainable income. By doing so, it unlocks a huge potential for MSME businesses in the DeFi sphere through untapped liquidity; thereby providing tremendous opportunities within the crypto space.

    Persistence’s asset-based lending platform Comdex

    The protocol has developed the Comdex decentralized commodities trading and financing platform that connects commodities traders, while also providing financing facility to sellers. It is commodity agnostic and can allow for trading diverse groups of commodities, ranging from metal to food products.

    Comdex, for regulatory compliance, would require Anti Money Laundering (AML) / Know Your Customer (KYC) checks before on-boarding. It would also feature a trader’s right access system to determine access to particular commodities, opening trade, executable trade size, etc. On top of everything, all activities will be recorded on the open blockchain.

    Comdex is the result of a partnership between the Persistence One dynamic team and trading entrepreneurs in Singapore that rely on the platform’s ecosystem to bring forward blockchain integration. As per recent developments, the Comdex protocol has been gaining traction within the blockchain. 

    Comdex has already managed more than $55 million in transaction volume, far ahead of its competitors in terms of assets on-chain.

    What is pLend, Persistence’s lending platform?

    Backed by real-world assets, Persistence Lend or pLend is a stable coin lending platform that facilitates the supply of liquidity to pools for all Comdex transactions and dealings. pLend empowers stablecoin holders and enables them to supply liquidity, generating huge returns from real-world income and assets.

    So far, pLend’s unique implementation has bridged the gap between traditional finance (TradFi) and DeFi. The lending platform will allow users to engage in the $65B global trade within the financing sector.

    Overall, pLend guarantees participants huge returns on their assets without the need of often unsure mainstream DeFi solutions.

    AUDIT.one

    Described as a subsidiary to Persistence One, AUDIT ensures top-tier validation services for leading PoS networks through secured Tier 3 and 4 data centers across the globe equipped with a multi-cloud architecture.

    Presently, a total of nine networks has entrusted AUDIT.one with approximately $120M worth of assets, including Cosmos, Terra, Matic Network, and NEAR. Additionally, well-known networks like Polkadot and Ethereum 2.0 have shown interest in the Persistence-based protocol.

    Persistence token ($XPRT)

    Persistence has a native token known as $XPRT built as an ERC-20 based token (for now) and has a 100M supply). Its main uses are staking (for participation in network security), community governance (allowing holders to vote on important matters), rewards (for contributing to the network), and work token (deriving value from the activities on the network).

    XPRT StakeDrop

    The StakeDrop campaign is made possible through the pStake protocol that guarantees the issuance of representative tokens (stk Tokens) on Ethereum which are backed by the staked assets. 

    In the case of ATOM; illiquid staked ATOM tokens can be converted to liquid representative ER-20 tokens that can be utilized within the immense and growing DeFi space, backed by the Ethereum blockchain. This means that newly staked ATOMS will now be able for use as collateral when borrowing different stablecoins.

    Through this system, participants are provided with the opportunity to implement differential strategies in accordance with their needs within the blockchain. 

    pStake offers a unique way to stake PoS tokens and in the near future, a percentage of all tokens staked via pStake will also be staked through the AUDIT.one validator, thus ensuring the growth of both protocols within the blockchain.

    Can Persistence successfully appeal to institutional clients and companies?

    The current DeFi infrastructure isn’t conducive to institutional clients and companies. This is mostly because current DeFi projects have institutional red-flags such as pseudo-anonymity, open transaction and activity details, having no legal compliance, having only crypto-based settlements, and having complexities transferred to the users (gas payments, security, key management, risk management, etc.)

    However, the Persistence protocol offers verifiable anonymity, hidden transaction details and records, is legally compliant, has FIAT-based settlement guarantees and simplified process – gas payments, security and key management run by the platform. It also provides an institutional-grade infrastructure that these clients are used to.

    Conclusion

    Persistence is a strong contender for overcoming the obstacle to DeFi being widely used by institutional clients, companies and enterprises. It does this by offering anonymity, hidden transaction records and most importantly, be legally compliant. In these respects, Persistence can help blockchain move from a speculative phase to being used in the real world, including traditional finance.

    Decentralised Finance (DeFi) series: tutorials, guides and more

    With content for both beginners and more advanced users, check out our YouTube DeFi series containing tutorials on the ESSENTIAL TOOLS you need for trading in the DeFi space e.g. MetaMask and Uniswap. As well as a deep dive into popular DeFi topics such as decentralized exchanges, borrowing-lending platforms and NFT marketplaces

    The DeFi series on this website also covers topics not explored on YouTube. For an introduction on what is DeFi, check out Decentralized Finance (DeFi) Overview: A guide to the HOTTEST trend in cryptocurrency

    Tutorials and guides for the ESSENTIAL DEFI TOOLS:

    More videos and articles are coming soon as part of our DeFi series, so be sure to SUBSCRIBE to our Youtube channel so you can be notified as soon as they come out!

    Disclaimer: Cryptocurrency trading involves significant risks and may result in the loss of your capital. You should carefully consider whether trading cryptocurrencies is right for you in light of your financial condition and ability to bear financial risks. Cryptocurrency prices are highly volatile and can fluctuate widely in a short period of time. As such, trading cryptocurrencies may not be suitable for everyone. Additionally, storing cryptocurrencies on a centralized exchange carries inherent risks, including the potential for loss due to hacking, exchange collapse, or other security breaches. We strongly advise that you seek independent professional advice before engaging in any cryptocurrency trading activities and carefully consider the security measures in place when choosing or storing your cryptocurrencies on a cryptocurrency exchange.

  • Understanding Layer 2 & Scaling Solutions: Arbitrum, Boba, Optimism, Polygon, Ethereum 2.0

    Understanding Layer 2 & Scaling Solutions: Arbitrum, Boba, Optimism, Polygon, Ethereum 2.0

    One of the core problems with the Ethereum network today is scalability. As more and more decentralized apps (dApps) are built on the network, the number of users and transactions increases. This has slowed down the speed of transactions and driven up the cost of using the network, creating the need for scaling solutions.

    At its full capacity, the Ethereum network is only able to process 15 transactions per second. To put Ethereum’s scaling limits into perspective, consider that Visa handles around 1,700 transactions per second on average. Therefore, increasing the network capacity in terms of speed and throughput is fundamental to the meaningful and mass adoption of Ethereum.

    There are multiple solutions being researched, tested and implemented that take different approaches to achieve similar goals. Two solutions that we will explore in this article are known as sidechains and optimistic rollups.

    Check out our explainer video on layer 2 solutions such as Arbitrum, Boba, Optimism, and Ethereum 2.0

    Layer 2 solutions explained (Arbitrum, Boba, Optimism, Ethereum 2.0)

    What is Layer 2 and How Does it Work?

    The Ethereum main chain is known as Layer 1. Layer 1 applications and smart contracts interact directly with the native chain. Layer 2 refers to a series of different protocols that facilitate the creation of smart contracts and decentralized applications (dApps) on top of the core Ethereum blockchain.

    Operating on Layer 2 frees up Layer 1 by taking transactions off the main chain, offloading it to Layer 2, enabling them to interact, and then recording the remainder of the whole transactions back to Layer 1. Due to transactions being processed off-chain on Layer 2, Ethereum benefits from higher transaction processing capacity, faster confirmation times, and lower gas fees. 

    In fact, many believe that Layer 2 solutions will be how Ethereum wins over mainstream users. It is estimated that 2,000 – 4,000 transactions per second can be processed in Layer 2, which is already in line with Visa’s processing capabilities. By combining the scaling of Layer 1 with Ethereum 2.0 and Layer 2, Ethereum is set to obtain a powerful economic bandwidth.

    Sidechains: Polygon Network

    Sidechains are a Layer 2 solution utilizing separate blockchains that run in parallel to the Ethereum main chain but operate independently, hence increasing its scalability. 

    Polygon is the most popular sidechain that aims to scale Ethereum by building and connecting Ethereum-compatible blockchain networks. Polygon operates on its own consensus mechanism and also has its own native token known as $MATIC.

    Because sidechains run on a separate blockchain, they do not inherit the security of Layer 1. If a sidechain is hacked or compromised, the damage will be contained within that chain and will not affect the main chain. Conversely, should the main chain become compromised, the sidechain can still operate.

    Sidechains also provide room for a lot of flexibility, allowing developers to experiment with new features or software updates before pushing them onto the main chain.

    Rollups Explained: Optimistic Rollups & Zero Knowledge Rollups

    Rollups are another Layer 2 solution intended to solve Ethereum’s scalability and complement the network. Rollups interact with the main chain, therefore inheriting Layer 1’s security features as well as its secure consensus mechanism. The term ‘rollup’ refers to the way that the chain bundles many transactions to be submitted to the main chain.

    Because rollups use smart contracts that reside within Ethereum, they do not require a native token like Polygon, but instead use $ETH as their currency. Rollups seem to be the most sound scaling solution for Ethereum as it does not compromise the security and sovereignty of Layer 1.

    There are basically two types of rollups: Optimistic Rollups and Zero Knowledge Rollups (ZK Rollups). Both aim to scale Ethereum by processing transactions on Layer 2 before submitting the results back to Ethereum. However, the difference is in how they validate transactions. 

    In simple terms, Optimistic Rollups assume that transactions are valid — hence an optimistic outlook. However, it also allows what are called “watchers” to call out fraudulent transactions since blockchain is transparent and public. If a watcher proves instances of fraud, the transaction is reverted, the bad actor penalized, and the watcher rewarded to incentivize them.

    On the other hand, Zero Knowledge Rollups attempt to prove that transactions are valid. They do so by submitting validity proof to an Ethereum smart contract along with the bundled transactions.

    Optimistic Rollups are currently the more popular option, so let us look at some projects that have adopted this mechanism. These projects are Arbitrum, Boba, and Optimism.

    Optimistic Rollups: Arbitrum, Boba & Optimism

    Arbitrum, Boba and Optimism are 3 projects which have the same goals of scaling Ethereum and reducing gas fees. All of these Layer 2 projects are competing with one another to be the best network. Therefore, each project offers different features to stand out from the others.

    • Arbitrum describes itself as a Layer 2 solution designed to improve the capabilities of Ethereum smart contracts — boosting their speed and scalability while adding additional privacy features to boot. Arbitrum is, according to the team, around 90-95% cheaper than Ethereum. And with their Nitro being launched soon, they expect costs to be cut even further.
    • Optimism is an EVM-compatible Optimistic Rollup chain designed to be fast, simple, and secure. Optimism pledges to uphold the values of Ethereum by producing infrastructure that promotes the growth and sustainability of public goods.
    • Boba Network is a next-generation Layer 2 scaling solution that reduces gas fees, improves transaction throughput, and extends the capabilities of smart contracts, shrinking the Optimistic Rollup exit period from seven days to only a few minutes, while giving liquidity pools (LPs) incentivized yield farming opportunities.

    Arbitrum’s fraud proofs seek to find the particular point of disagreement over transaction history. In contrast, Optimism’s tech looks at fraud a bit more holistically. And this means that Arbitrum has a higher transaction capacity equating to higher performance.

    Optimistic Rollups have a time period in which users can dispute transactions and call fraud. Both Arbitrum and Optimism allow one week for that dispute period, which means that transactions in a bundle under suspicion can be held in limbo for one week before they are verified and released. This is where Boba comes in as a serious player. 

    Instead of having funds locked for several days, Boba’s solution brings the dispute period down to only a few minutes. It also provides incentivized yield farming opportunities, both serving as very attractive features in comparison to its competitors. 

    Will Ethereum 2.0 Make Layer 2 Solutions Irrelevant?

    Ethereum 2.0 is regarded as the long-term solution that can bring speed, efficiency, and scalability to the Ethereum network. The long awaited upgrade will move the network from a Proof-of-Work consensus to a Proof-of-Stake consensus, a much more energy efficient method of maintaining the network that uses validators instead of miners.

    Ethereum 2.0 is currently slowly being released in different phases and will ultimately speed up transactions as well as drastically reduce the cost of gas fees. That brings up the question: Will Ethereum 2.0 make all these Layer 2 solutions irrelevant?

    While there are many different opinions and discussions surrounding this topic, however, we think that all of these solutions can coexist and benefit the network as well as its economy.

    This is because despite the upgrade, Ethereum 2.0 may still not be able to handle the amount of transactions per second required for widespread adoption. The impressive capabilities of Layer 2 solutions could eradicate Ethereum’s scalability issues for good, allowing the network to improve other aspects and prevent congestion on the main chain.

    Final Thoughts: Why Are So Many Solutions Needed?

    There is no debate that Ethereum has a stronghold over developer mindshare. It is the first network that enabled developers to build truly unstoppable decentralized applications with global distribution from day one. But competition is coming fast, and as it stands today, Ethereum will not be able to handle the scale necessary for millions of users. If the network wants to retain the same level of decentralization, it will have to look for new ways to structure use around the main blockchain. 

    As such, there are currently several Layer 2 solutions that aim to resolve Ethereum’s scaling issues. There are also some hybrid solutions which seek to improve the network’s scalability by combining the technologies. But is there really a need for so many solutions?

    We say yes, because multiple solutions can help reduce the overall traffic on any one part of the network, and also prevent single points of failure. The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Different solutions can exist and work in harmony, allowing for an exponential effect on future transaction speed and throughput. Furthermore, not all solutions require utilizing the Ethereum consensus algorithm directly, and alternatives can offer benefits that would otherwise be difficult to achieve.

    If Ethereum achieves its full potential of becoming a global trust layer, it is likely that these solutions and more will be required to scale the network in combination with Ethereum 2.0. In the future, the Ethereum ecosystem could see significant change as new projects assess the benefits and drawbacks of running on Layer 2. 

    If all of these solutions can come together in harmony, Ethereum will achieve a blockchain system that can match the speed and scale of programmatic advertising – one that can be used by industries with high data processing needs as well as users worldwide.

    Sources:

    https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/scaling/

    https://hackernoon.com/ethereums-layer-2-the-story-so-far-and-what-to-expect-next-kn41342c

    https://dappradar.com/blog/ethereum-rollups-a-simple-explanation

    https://medium.com/general_knowledge/rollup-rollup-top-layer-2-compared-arbitrum-vs-optimism-vs-polygon-4a469389faef
  • IAGON ($IAG) Token Utility Model

    IAGON ($IAG) Token Utility Model

    Everything you wanted to know about Iagon‘s IAG token and its usage IAGON’s Shared Storage Economy.

    Disclaimer: 

    The presented $IAG token utility model in this article is not finalized and may be subject to updates/changes. 

    $IAG basics 

    Currently, the $IAG token is an ERC-20 token only. It’s tradeable on Uniswap, Gate.io and Bitrue. $IAG can be stored on any ERC-20 token compatible wallet.


    As it moves to Cardano, IAGON plans to make its token usable and accessible on the Cardano blockchain. This will be done with the help of a two-way ERC20-CNT bridge.  The IAGON team is working on their very own bridge solution for IAG tokens.

    Remark: 

    Currently, there is no official Cardano ERC20-CNT bridge launched. Existing converters that are on the market are either wrappers or mint functions. At this moment and to our knowledge, none of the converters burn a supply from one chain and mint on the other chain.

    $IAG Token Utility Details

    The $IAG token represents a ´share´ in the IAGON ecosystem, providing holders with a portion of the revenue generated through the decentralised storage exchange.

    Additionally the $IAG token will be used as an additional reward for resource providers and for ADA holders delegating to our Cardano stake pool.

    Also, there will be an option for the iagon ecosystem fund to buy $IAG tokens from the open market with the aim to refill our ADAGIO reward pool for stakers and resource providers on a regular basis. 

    For $IAG Holders

    $IAG token holders can earn yield by providing liquidity in either Ethereum or Cardano liquidity pools.  

    There are 2 additional revenue streams that $IAG stakers can benefit from, on top of the yield from the liquidity pool:

    $IAG stakers can earn a portion of the transaction fees from the decentralized storage exchange, used by the customers and resource providers on the IAGON network. This reward will be based on the amount of $IAG tokens staked and  the trading volume in the storage exchange.

    When a resource provider commits to provide their resources to the network, their commitment is handled by our rewards DAO, ADAGIO, and their reward is locked until the end of the commitment period (at least 1 month). 


    During the period when the reward is locked, ADAGIO generates yield on it through providing liquidity. This yield is distributed among the resource providers, the $IAG stakers and IAGON.

    Usually, staking gives only a portion of the fee from the liquidity pool you’re staking in. However, the utility of the $IAG token ensures that stakers can earn yield from two other revenue streams as well as passive income for staking.

    For Resource Providers

    Once Iagon has launched their Storage Exchange Marketplace, anyone will be able to make a profit by committing resources [storage]. 

    The rewards for providing resources will be based on the supply and demand in the decentralised storage exchange. 

    • Anyone will be able to trade their resources for stable coins by committing their resource to ADAGIO, the resource provider rewards DAO
    • The rewards are locked until the end of the commitment period, and are subject to slashing in case of unwanted node behavior impacting the performance and health of the network (frequent disconnects, attempts at changing or deleting the stored data)
    • At the end of the commitment period, resource providers are able to claim their reward
    • While the rewards are locked, ADAGIO will allow the resource provider to earn yield on it, effectively increasing the reward over time
    • By leaving the reward locked with ADAGIO for a longer period of time, the rewards will accumulate over time, greatly increasing the earnings

    In addition to this, resource providers will occasionally earn $IAG tokens as a bonus incentive to commit storage.

    Iagon Ecosystem Fund

    A portion of both the transaction fees from the storage exchange and the yield provided by the locked rewards go back to Iagon. These funds will be used to fund further development of the Iagon products, cover operational costs, and buy back $IAG tokens for the Iagon treasury. 

    The tokens in the treasury will be used to provide community reward schemes, such as resource provider bonus incentives, additional stake pool rewards, early testing rewards etc.

    $IAG tokens give you access to a passive revenue stream and multiple utilities, which is why they can be potentially valuable. 

    IAGON token utility model (Source： Iagon)

    How the IAG token will work*

    In simple words, the whole process will look like this:

    1. Resource provider commits storage to ADAGIO [rewards DAO]
    2. ADAGIO sells the storage on the storage exchange
    3. The transaction fee is split among ADAGIO and IAG stakers
    4. The reward (payment for storage) is passed from the exchange back to ADAGIO
    5. The rewards are locked until at least the end of the commitment period (at least one month)
    6. While the rewards are locked, it earns a yield through ADAGIO (providing liquidity and other such mechanisms), increasing the reward.
    7. IAG stakers earn a portion of this yield as well
    8. After the lockup period, they can claim their reward + their portion of the yield.

    *Disclaimer: 

    The presented $IAG token utility model is not finalized and may be subject to updates/changes. 

    Meantime, the IAGON team is open for discussion and encourages their community to input and share ideas about token utility. 

    About IAGON

    IAGON aims to revolutionize the cloud by developing a storage platform and a processing platform where anyone can profit from shared resources. The whole value proposition circles back to the potential of blockchain technology by letting device owners join the storage and processing power grids to create a completely decentralized data cloud and supercomputer.

    Website | Twitter | Telegram | Blog | CoinGecko | CoinMarketCap 

  • Flamingo Finance ($FLM): What is it?

    Flamingo Finance ($FLM): What is it?

    Flamingo Finance aims to provide everything a DeFi user needs in one swipe. The project is also built on the NEO blockchain, enabling it to evade the high cost and congestion of Ethereum. Here, we take a deeper look at Flamingo, why it chose NEO, its native token, and what it has to offer to DeFi enthusiasts.


    Background

    The protocol is a NEO Foundation project brought to life through the NEO Global Development (NGD) team and is meant to expand NEO’s vision of a smart economy. Flamingo offers an all-round service to its users by taking care of back end and front end issues under one platform.

    What is Flamingo Finance

    Flamingo is a full-stack DeFi protocol that is interoperable and powered by the NEO blockchain. Operations on the network are divided into distinct components to enable a smooth operation for the platform. (Modafinil) Currently, the system supports access using the NeoLine wallet for NEO assets, Metamask wallet for Ether (ETH) holders, and Cyano plugin wallet for ONT token holders.

    Flamingo’s 5 Key Components

    Flamingo ecosystem (Image credit: NeoNewsToday)

    Swap

    This handles automatic on-chain market making. The module interacts with wrapped tokens on the parent blockchain to provide liquidity. Uniswap, a leading DeFi platform, inspires its approach to automated market making. Liquidity Providers (LPs) converge on a pool by providing tokens with NEO’s standard, NEP-5.

    Wrapper

    Flamingo uses this component to power inter-chain interaction of blockchain assets. Wrapper works with Bitcoin, Ethereum, NEO, and Ontology, where tokens from these platforms can be ‘wrapped’ by being converted to NEP-5 tokens and used on the NEO network.

    Vault

    The Vault module provides an interface for managing, mining, and staking assets. Also, it handles the issuance of collateralized stablecoins. Vault stakers earn rewards in the form of the platform’s native token, FLM (more on the token later).

    Vault is projected to go live anytime between September 25 and 29 in 2020.

    Perp

    Perp is derived from the word perpetual and is designed with perpetual contracts in mind. It uses automatic market-making to power a perpetual contract exchange that deals with a host of assets. The exchange has a leverage of up to 10X for both long and short positions.

    Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO)

    In the decentralized world, everything should be distributed, including governance. Flamingo uses DAO to allow for optimum community involvement in the running of the platform. Issues that fall under DAO include token economics, functionality changes, and parameter configuration.

    Generally, DAO has a say in things happening on the Wrapper, Swap, Perp, and Vault modules.

    Flamingo Finance Token (FLM) and Flamingo USD (FUSD)

    FLM is Flamingo’s native currency dedicated to governance. It’s built using NEO’s NEP-5 standard. Interestingly, the token does not have a cap on its maximum supply.

    FLM coins are distributed to the community with regards to participation on the network. For example, the token will be given for staking cross-chain assets, staking LP tokens, minting FUSD, depositing stablecoins to provide a margin when interacting with perpetual contracts, and contributing to governance proposals.

    Note that before DAO takes over the governance, the Flamingo team will address governance issues through proof-of-authority (POA). FLM can be held by anyone wishing to join the NEO DeFi ecosystem. Furthermore, FLM holders are entitled to submit proposals to the DAO and also be able to vote for submitted proposals.

    Flamingo supports FIP and FCCP proposals.

    Flamingo Improvement Proposal (FIP) involves anything related to system design features such as risk control, liquidation, and liquidity improvement. Flamingo Configuration Change Proposal (FCCP), on the other hand, contains proposals directed towards the FLM release schedule, staking, fee structure, FLM distribution mechanism on the Perp module, etc.

    FUSD is a stablecoin on the platform that is pegged to the US dollar (USD). Staking LP tokens allows one to mint the stablecoin. However, to unlock their collaterals, the minted FUSD has to be burnt.

    Key strengths of Flamingo Finance

    Interoperability

    Flamingo is part of an ecosystem made up of NEO and the Poly network. Poly is a protocol developed on NEO in conjunction with Switcheo Network and Ontology. The protocol connects to other blockchain platforms such as Cosmos, Bitcoin, Ontology, and Ethereum.

    To bring the interoperability factor, Flamingo connects to NEO, NEO connects to Poly, and Poly connects to other decentralized networks.

    Capital Efficiency

    Popular decentralized exchanges (DEXs) using an automatic market maker model underutilize capital from LPs. Flamingo provides capital efficiency by clustering individual aspects such as a liquidity pool (LP) and a collateral pool.

    For instance, Swap handles the LP while Vault provides the collateral pool. Therefore, LPs can provide liquidity in Swap and still stake their tokens in Vault.

    Fair Launch

    To enable a fair launch for all, the platform does not support a pre-mine. Neither does it allocate coins to its founding team. Instead, all FLM tokens are distributed to the community.

    What is Flamincome?

    Being a DeFi-focused platform, it has a dedicated platform for yield farming or liquidity mining; Flamincome. The system provides yield farming functionalities identical to those offered by Yearn.Finance (YFI).

    Flamincome
    Flamincome (Image credit: Medium)

    Flamincome comprises an optimizer and a normalizer. An optimizer converts staked assets into interest-focused assets, while a normalizer changes interest-based assets into synthetic assets with a 1:1 peg ratio to the underlying asset. Synthetic assets can be transferred to other DeFi networks for additional liquidity mining.

    Flamingo Swap: What is it?

    Flamingo Swap is one of the modules on Flamingo Finance’s DeFi platform. It is an on-chain automated market maker powered exchange that allows users to swap one token from another. Similar to other swapping platforms, Flamingo Swap needs users to add token pairs into these pools which in turn creates a supply for traders to come in and exchange tokens. Users i.e. LPs who add tokens to specified pools are rewarded for their contribution as they receive a distribution of the trading fees (currently 0.3% per swap) and LP Tokens. The LPs can then stake these LP Tokens in the Vault and get FLM in return.

    Note the below section titled “Flamingo swap launch and change of $FLM distribution: 5th Oct 2020” to see which Vaults are eligible for distribution of FLM rewards.

    How to add liquidity to Flamingo Swap and what are my rewards?

    By way of example, if you wanted to be a LP for the FLM/nNEO trading pair you would need to do the following steps:

    1. Go to the “Pool” tab on the Swap page;
    2. connect your NeoLine wallet;
    3. click “Add Liquidity” and choose FLM and nNEO. Note the the amount deposited must be of equal value based on the market price of the tokens but this will be calculated for you;
    4. check the respective exchange prices for the FLM and nNEO tokens and the share of the pool your liquidity will form after adding the same. If this is confirmed by you, click “Supply” and confirm; and
    5. the NeoLine wallet will pop up and you will be asked to adjust and agree to the GAS fee to be paid for this transaction.

    For a full walkthrough on how to provide liquidity to Swap and withdraw your liquidity from the same, click here.

    LPs will be rewarded with LP Tokens, in this illustration, the LP would get FLP-FLM-nNEO tokens. They will also get a share of the fees collected from traders equal to the proportion of their liquidity in a pool. So for example, if their deposited liquidity forms 2% of the FLM/nNEO pool they would get 2% of all the trading fees paid by traders, which is 0.3% per swap.

    LPs can then stake their LP Tokens in specified trading pairs to get FLM. For a walkthrough on how to stake assets, claim FLM and remove your staked assets from the Vault, check out the detailed guide from Flamingo here.

    LATEST NEWS

    Are you eligible for refund of Flamincome withdrawal fees?

    Due to an issue with the Flamincome interface, some users who withdraw USDT before 5:00am (UTC) on 26th September 2020 were charged 0.5% withdrawal fees without their knowledge. Flamingcome will refund the withdrawal fees to these users, which Founder Da Hongfei said on Twitter he will “personally subsidize”.

    There is also a proposal being put forward to extend this refund period to any deposits that were made before 5:00am (UTC) on 26th September 2020 but “…withdrawn before 3 hours after the MintRush Resume.” Which from our understanding would be 4:00pm (UTC) on 25th September 2020.

    Flamingo swap launch and change of $FLM distribution: 5th Oct 2020

    At the initial launch of Flamingo Swap, only 6 trading pairs will be supported i.e. FLM/nNEO, pnWBTC/nNEO, pnWETH/nNEO pONT/nNEO, nNEO/pnUSDT and pnWBTC/pnUSDT.

    As Mint Rush 2 has finished distribution of rewards, FLM tokens will no longer be distributed to single-asset stakers. Instead, only users who stake LP Tokens from specified trading pairs in the Vault will continue receiving FLM. From 1:00pm (UTC) on 5th October 2020 to 1:00pm (UTC) on 7th October 2020, 2,857,143 FLM will be distributed per day to these trading pairs in the following proportions:

    • FLP-FLM-nNEO 20%
    • FLP-pnWBTC-nNEO 20%
    • FLP-pnWETH-nNEO 10%
    • FLP-pONT-nNEO 5%
    • FLP-nNEO-pnUSDT 20%
    • FLP-pnWBTC-pnUSDT 25%

    From 1:00pm (UTC) on 7th October 2020 to 1:00pm (UTC) on 14th October 2020, 1,071,429 FLM will be distributed per day in the same proportion as above.

    SCAM ALERT: Flamingo airdrop

    There is currently a Flamingo airdrop scam which asks participants to send their NEO tokens to a “designated contribution address” where you can get FLM tokens at a rate of 1 NEO=1,000 FLM.

    The @FlamingoAirdrop as well as the FlamingoFinanceAirdop Telegram Channels are FAKE. Be careful!

    Fake Flamingo account
    Fake Flamingo account

    I have all this FLM? What happens next?

    FLM is currently listed on the following exchanges: Binance, FTX (FLM-PERP)

    Conclusion

    A full-stack DeFi protocol, like Flamingo, presents numerous advantages to DeFi users. And among them is capital efficiency, where LPs can provide liquidity and collateral at the same time.

    The inclusion of a yield farming system gives DeFi enthusiasts a similar but improved network to YFI and SushiSwap.

    Decentralised Finance (DeFi) series: tutorials, guides and more

    With content for both beginners and more advanced users, check out our YouTube DeFi series containing tutorials on the ESSENTIAL TOOLS you need for trading in the DeFi space e.g. MetaMask and Uniswap. As well as a deep dive into popular DeFi topics such as decentralized exchanges, borrowing-lending platforms and NFT marketplaces

    The DeFi series on this website also covers topics not explored on YouTube. For an introduction on what is DeFi, check out Decentralized Finance (DeFi) Overview: A guide to the HOTTEST trend in cryptocurrency

    Tutorials and guides for the ESSENTIAL DEFI TOOLS:

    More videos and articles are coming soon as part of our DeFi series, so be sure to SUBSCRIBE to our Youtube channel so you can be notified as soon as they come out!

    Disclaimer: Cryptocurrency trading involves significant risks and may result in the loss of your capital. You should carefully consider whether trading cryptocurrencies is right for you in light of your financial condition and ability to bear financial risks. Cryptocurrency prices are highly volatile and can fluctuate widely in a short period of time. As such, trading cryptocurrencies may not be suitable for everyone. Additionally, storing cryptocurrencies on a centralized exchange carries inherent risks, including the potential for loss due to hacking, exchange collapse, or other security breaches. We strongly advise that you seek independent professional advice before engaging in any cryptocurrency trading activities and carefully consider the security measures in place when choosing or storing your cryptocurrencies on a cryptocurrency exchange.

  • What is AAVE ($LEND)?

    What is AAVE ($LEND)?

    Aave Protocol with their native token $LEND is a leading company within the decentralized finance (DeFi) sphere. The Company allows its users access to its open-source and non-custodial protocol to create money markets, joining a growing list of projects like Compound to bring decentralized options to the masses. We look at who is Aave ($LEND), its uses and how it differs from other projects such as Compound Finance.

    What is Aave?

    Named after the Finnish word for “ghost”, London-based company Aave was set up in September 2018 after a successful initial coin offering (ICO) the previous year for its ETHLend token which raised USD$16.2 million. The executive team under ETHLend migrated to Aave upon its establishment with ETHLend becoming a subsidiary of Aave. In January 2020, ETHLend announced it was no longer in operation and its website would only remain active for current users to close down their existing loans.

    Aave’s aim is to fill in the gaps left by centralised fintech industry giants like PayPal, Skrill and Coinbase. Their main product is Aave Protocol, an open source and non-custodial protocol for creating money markets on the Ethereum blockchain.

    Who is the team behind Aave?

    Aave has a wealth of talent and experience within its team. Stani Kulechov (CEO) and Jordan Lazaro Gustave (COO) have retained and migrated their roles from ETHLend, bringing their wealth of knowledge to Aave. Their diverse 18 man team bring together a wealth of experience in the startup scene.

    What is Aave Protocol?

    Aave’s biggest and most integral aspect is Aave Protocol which was launched in January 2020. Its shift from ETHLend marked a significant shift in strategy for the Company. Going from decentralized P2P lending to a pool-based strategy, Aave Protocol is an open source an non-custodial protocol that allows users to create their own decentralized money markets on the Ethereum blockchain.

    Aave Protocol
    Aave Protocol

    Depositors provide liquidity by depositing cryptocurrencies into lending pools which will then allow them to earn interest. Meanwhile, borrowers can obtain loans by tapping into these lending pools in either an overcollateralized or undercollateralized way. The loans do not need to be individually matched i.e. one lender to one borrower. Instead, deposits into the pool and the amounts borrowed/ collateral are used to make instant loans based on the pool’s state. There are currently 2 money markets that users can enter into, these are Aave and Uniswap.

    Aave markets
    Aave markets

    Flash Loans

    Aave has one feature that sets it apart from the rest. Flash loans allow customers or to take out loans without any collateral. These flash loans enable a customised smart contract to borrow assets from Aave’s reserve pools within one transaction. The loan is made on the condition that the liquidity is returned to the pool before the transaction ends. However, if it’s not repaid by that time, the transaction gets reversed- which will effectively undo any actions executed until that point and guarantee the safety of the funds in the reserve pool.

    The Fast Loan feature is designed for developers to make tools that require capital for arbitrage, refinancing, or liquidating purposes. Aave explained Flash Loans saying it is “designed for developers/people with some technical knowledge”, with the benefit of risk-free loans. Aave charges a 0.09% fee on flash loans.

    Rate Switching

    Rate switching is another unique selling point for Aave, which arrived during the May upgrade of their borrowing/interest rates. Rate switching allows borrowers to switch between fixed and floating interest rates, something useful in a volatile decentralized market. For high-interest rates, users will usually opt for the fixed-rate but when it is more volatile and expected to be lower, one might go for the floating option to reduce borrowing costs. The fixed-rate can change but only when the deposit earning rate increases above the fixed borrow rate as the system could get unstable by paying out more than its being paid. If so, the fixed rate is rebalanced to the new stable rate. On the other hand, when the variable rate is lower than the fixed-rate by 20%, the loan will automatically decrease to account for the difference.

    Which Cryptocurrency Tokens are linked?

    There are 19 tokens available on Aave. These include DAI, USD Coin (USDC), TrueUSD (TUSD), USDT Coin (USDT), sUSD, Binance USD (BUSD), Ethereum (ETH), Basic Attention Token (BAT), Kyber Network (KNC), ChainLink (LINK), Decentraland (MANA), Maker (MKR), Augur (REP), SNK, Enjin Coin (ENJ), REN, WBTC Coin (WBTC), Yearn.finance (YFI) and Ox Coin (ZRX).

    Please note: Each asset has a different collateral requirement. This is because of the differences in price volatility. Stablecoins naturally give loan-to-value ratios, due to their price stability. A full breakdown of Aave’s grading process can be found in their Risk Framework.

    Alongside these tokens, there is also a native token that Aave uses and which is called Lend. An explanation and analysis of the token can be found below.

    LEND ($LEND) Token

    Often referred too as ETHLend, the LEND cryptocurrency token has rolled over to become the native token of Aave following the winding-up of operations by ETHLend in January this year. Although it has kept the name, the new Aave version of Lend is largely different from the previous one.

    LEND token metrics
    LEND token metrics

    Binance Key metrics on Lend

    Built based on the ERC-20 standard, $LEND tokens can be used for fee reductions. The tokens are burnt from the fees collected from the Aave Protocol, with around 80% of platform fees used. This appears to suggest that Lend tokens will be worth more over time. LEND owners can also claim on protocol fees in exchange for acting as the first line of defense in the case of liquidity events by malicious borrowers.

    In addition, $LEND tokens can be used for voting on Aave Improvement Proposals (AIPs). What’s more, LEND holders can vote with their LEND deposited on the Aave platform, even if it is currently being used as collateral. Currently, this feature is pre-launched on the Ropsten test network before it is launched on the Ethereum mainnet. This is so the Aave community can vote on proposals without incurring huge gas costs, try out the module and provide feedback to the Aave team before it is formally launched. It is also worth noting that the outcomes of all votes on the testnet are not considered as valid for the long term.

    How to lend on Aave

    Depositing and earning interest on Aave is a simple process. Before you start, you must visit https://app.aave.com/ and connect using a web 3.0 wallet such as Metamask, Coinbase Wallet or Fortmatic.

    Depositing is easy, just simply pick your desired asset in which to invest and then allow Aave access to the asset. Once the transaction is processed, and the interest rate is confirmed you can check the rate changes on the Aave app. The interest-earning tokens are called aTokens which are similar to Compound’s C tokens.

    Interest generating tokens

    There are some differences between Compound’s tokens and the aToken. The main one being that the aToken’s keep their underlying assets price and will increase the amount of owned tokens when the price goes up rather than increasing the tokens price.

    Aave vs Compound ($COMP)

    Both Compound Finance and Aave appear to be the two top DeFi lending platforms. However, both have unique features that set them apart. Compound does have USDT as a usable asset, but Aave has a wider range of tokens on offer. For Aave, their new interest rates and regulations, like rate switching gives them a slight edge. For first time users, Aave offers great incentive rates. However, lending rates and Borrow fees are higher on average with Aave. Either way though, Aave has proven a good addition to the Defi community and should prove popular. You can read more about Compound ($COMP) here.

    Key features of Aave 2.0

    Aave 2.0 was announced on 14th August 2020. Aave Market now offers 19 assets, plus the Uniswap Market offers different Uniswap pairs as collateral. The platform has also grown to over 15,000 users. Here are some of the key new features which can be expected in Phase 2 of Aave.

    Pay with collateral

    Currently, if users want to repay their loan with part of their collateral they need to do 4 separate transactions on several protocols: withdraw the collateral, buy the cryptocurrency which is borrowed, repay the debt and unlock all the deposited collateral. With this new function, Aave users can deleverage or close their positions by directly paying with collateral in 1 transaction.

    Debt tokenization and native credit delegation

    Users’ debt positions will be tokens i.e. users will receive tokens which represent their debt. This enables native credit delegation within the Aave Protocol, in addition to other features such as native position management from cold wallets and user-specific yield farming strategies.

    Fixed rate deposit

    Deposits on Aave can generate predictable interest rates which are not bound by market variations.

    Improved Stable Borrow Rate

    This will further ensure the predictability of interest rates by locking down their borrow interest rate to a specified time period.

    Private markets

    Aave will allow governance to open private markets to open private markets to support all types of tokenized assets. The Aave team are also working on a collaboration with RealT which will bring mortgages onto Ethereum.

    Improved aTokens

    aTokens are Aave’s interest bearing tokens which are minted when a deposit is made and subsequently burned when redeemed. The aToken is pegged 1:1 to the value of the underlying asset deposited with Aave. In Aave 2.0, there will now be a version 2 of the aToken which integrates the EIP 2612 which allows for gasless approvals.

    Gas Optimizations

    This feature is currently in the works and will lead to a significant drop in transaction costs for most of the interactions on Aave. For some interactions the gas cost may even be reduced by 50%. Aave version 2 will also implement native GasToken Support.

    Security

    In version 2, the internal design has been made simpler, the architecture is also improved so it is more formal verification friendly. Aave is also working with top auditors such as Consensys Diligence and Certora- a leading company in automatic verification technologies.

    Native trading functionalities

    Aave v2 will introduce the ability for users to natively trade their debt position from one asset to another, i.e. you can borrow DAI, and if USDC becomes cheaper to borrow, you could change your debt position to USDC in one transaction.

    Users can also trade their deposited assets across the various cryptocurrencies supported by Aave, even when it is being used as collateral.

    Margin trading is also introduced in version 2, so users can directly take long and short leveraged positions without using third party services. Conversely with margin lending, liquidity providers can increase the weight of their deposits to take opportunities.

    Governance

    Aave version 2 also introduces several new governance features. Now, AAVE token holders can delegate their voting weight to any other address. Aave believes this may lead to the emergence of Protocol Politicians, who will represent the interests of their peers to delegated their votes to them. But unlike most representative democracies we see around the world today, vote delegation is a liquid democracy so this means a user can instantly remove the delegation in a single transaction if they so wish.

    The Aave team also recognises the pain points of the need to move tokens to another location to participate in governance. So Aave now allows users to be able to sign messages from their cold wallet to participate in Aave Governance. This will in turn reduce the security risk.

    References:

    AsiaCryptoToday: https://www.asiacryptotoday.com/aave/

    Decentralised Finance (DeFi) series: tutorials, guides and more

    With content for both beginners and more advanced users, check out our YouTube DeFi series containing tutorials on the ESSENTIAL TOOLS you need for trading in the DeFi space e.g. MetaMask and Uniswap. As well as a deep dive into popular DeFi topics such as decentralized exchanges, borrowing-lending platforms and NFT marketplaces

    The DeFi series on this website also covers topics not explored on YouTube. For an introduction on what is DeFi, check out Decentralized Finance (DeFi) Overview: A guide to the HOTTEST trend in cryptocurrency

    Tutorials and guides for the ESSENTIAL DEFI TOOLS:

    More videos and articles are coming soon as part of our DeFi series, so be sure to SUBSCRIBE to our Youtube channel so you can be notified as soon as they come out!

    Disclaimer: Cryptocurrency trading involves significant risks and may result in the loss of your capital. You should carefully consider whether trading cryptocurrencies is right for you in light of your financial condition and ability to bear financial risks. Cryptocurrency prices are highly volatile and can fluctuate widely in a short period of time. As such, trading cryptocurrencies may not be suitable for everyone. Additionally, storing cryptocurrencies on a centralized exchange carries inherent risks, including the potential for loss due to hacking, exchange collapse, or other security breaches. We strongly advise that you seek independent professional advice before engaging in any cryptocurrency trading activities and carefully consider the security measures in place when choosing or storing your cryptocurrencies on a cryptocurrency exchange.

  • Kusama ($KSM): How is it Polkadot’s wild cousin?

    Kusama ($KSM): How is it Polkadot’s wild cousin?

    Kusama ($KSM) calls itself “Polkadot’s wild cousin”. Yet, is an initiative that seeks to solve the Polkadot ecosystem’s concerns of coding vulnerabilities. Going beyond the usual testnet, Kusama deployed on its platform a network focused on research and development with real costs to its community and developers. This makes it more mainnet-like, without having to actually put new developments up on the main Polkadot platform.

    Background

    Dr. Gavin Wood founded Kusama with a goal of supporting the Polkadot ($DOT) network via building a parallel blockchain that allows experimentation and development with very realistic conditions. With that in mind, Dr. Wood thought of having a “canary network” that functions as a warning and early problem detection protocol that can reveal the weaknesses of the Polkadot code base.

    With Kusama, new features that are planned for implementation on the main Polkadot chain can be tested. The difference between Kusama and all other testnets is that the decisions made in the platform have actual economic implications. Testnets only provide playground tokens that bear no actual value.

    What is Kusama?

    Kusama is Polkadot’s canary network, which means that it is an experimental community research and development protocol. Its main purpose is to help developers test and deploy parachains on the Polkadot project, or experiment on its governance and staking functions with real economic conditions.

    Canary testing
    Canary testing

    Canary testing is important as the developers behind both chains hypothesize that it is the best way to completely understand the critical risks that lie in Polkadot’s development.

    As an unrefined version of Polkadot, Kusama functions as an independent decentralized main network. It will continually function as long as the community allows it to since decentralized systems inherently have no kill-switches. It could possibly become a para relay chain to Polkadot, however, it is never intended to merge with Polkadot’s chain itself.

    Kusama Token ($KSM)

    Kusama’s native token is the KSM, which holders can use to stake, become a validator or nominate one, and vote on its governance mechanism, among others. Furthermore, it is the token that powers most of the mechanisms in the Kusama network.

    Investors who purchased DOT during Polkadot’s ICO are qualified to receive an equivalent amount of KSM on the Kusama Network.

    Consensus Protocol: Nominated Proof-of-Stake

    Kusama follows the Nominated Proof-of-Stake (NPoS) consensus model where validators are elected based on their stakes and the stakes of those who are voting for them. As much as possible, the platform balances the weight between validators every election.

    In Polkadot, the election of validators focuses on the balance between these three metrics (Phragmen’s algorithm):

    • The total amount staked by the nominee and their nominators
    • The stake behind the minimally staked validator
    • The variance of the stake in a set.

    Validators

    To become a validator, users are required to stake KSM first. Once users already have the minimum amount of tokens needed to become candidates for a validator set, they are elected based on the Phragmen’s algorithm.

    There are currently over 130 validators on Kusama.

    Parachains

    Parachains are application-specific data structures secured by validators on the Polkadot Relay Chain and run in parallel with the Polkadot network. This allows them to process transactions with the speed and scalability of the Polkadot blockchain.

    How parachains work
    How parachains work

    Collators, on the other hand, are tasked to maintain the whole parachain. Collator nodes keep every data concerning the parachain and create new block candidates for the verification and recording of validators.

    Parachains can have an independent economy from the Polkadot network and their own native token.

    Governance

    Before every protocol update or revision is made, they are voted upon by the network composed of token holders and Kusama’s council. Through innovations such as on-chain voting systems and stake-weighted decision making, Kusama has enabled a community-driven governance model.

    The governance function follows the following procedures:

    Proposing Referenda: Each referendum contains a specific proposal that serves as a privileged function call. Included in the referenda is the period designated for the voting process. They can be submitted by Polkadot (DOT) token holders and the council, or taken from prior referenda or recommendations by Kusama’s Technical Committee after the approval of its Council.

    Voting for a proposal: There are only two options when voting, either “aye” or “nay.” If proposals receive a majority, they can be carried out for implementation. Before the enactment of a proposal, however, users are required to lock their tokens until the whole enactment delay has lapsed. The purpose of this parameter is to ensure that a proposal has met the minimum economic buy-in and discourage vote selling.

    Tallying: There are three scenarios whenever the network votes on specific proposals. Since each proposal is distinguished on whether they are from the public or the council, the votes also differ in bias.

    Kusama vote tally
    Kusama vote tally

    For every proposal, the number of “aye” and “nay” votes are accounted for as the turnout, or the total number of voting tokens, are factored in.

    In a positive turnout bias (if the voter turnout is low), more votes in favor of the proposal are required. In a negative turnout bias, it requires more votes against the proposal. And for Council proposals, only a simple majority is necessary.

    Kusama Council

    While there are active stakers, there are also passive stakeholders in the Polkadot and Kusama ecosystem. Through an on-chain entity comprising of 17 seats, the Council decides on three main tasks of governance. These include proposals of referenda, striking out clearly dangerous referenda, and electing members of the network’s technical committee.

    Kusama council
    Kusama council

    Community on Kusama

    Kusama has deployed the Society module, an economic game that seeks to reward users for participating and maintaining a membership society. Rewards, however, are given maturity periods. This means that the user cannot instantly get their incentives until the maturity period of their entitlements has already lapsed.

    Societies can punish members by slashing their incentives if they are not being collected. There are many other violations, such as not participating in voting calls, among others.

    By a strike system, members who have committed a number of punishable actions exceeding the limits decided upon can be booted out of the society.

    As of now, Kusama only has one society organized on top of its platform. In the future upgrades though, they might add more.

    Conclusion

    The growth of the DeFi space is dependent on the participation of both its developers and the community behind them. Projects that empower developers to test out new features before they are actually implemented on main channels are important, especially if the security and reliability of a particular network are at stake.

    A project like Kusama enables developers and their community to play around the Polkadot platform while making sure that each feature they are planning to deploy is not only audited but also tested realistically.

    Decentralised Finance (DeFi) series: tutorials, guides and more

    With content for both beginners and more advanced users, check out our YouTube DeFi series containing tutorials on the ESSENTIAL TOOLS you need for trading in the DeFi space e.g. MetaMask and Uniswap. As well as a deep dive into popular DeFi topics such as decentralized exchanges, borrowing-lending platforms and NFT marketplaces

    The DeFi series on this website also covers topics not explored on YouTube. For an introduction on what is DeFi, check out Decentralized Finance (DeFi) Overview: A guide to the HOTTEST trend in cryptocurrency

    Tutorials and guides for the ESSENTIAL DEFI TOOLS:

    More videos and articles are coming soon as part of our DeFi series, so be sure to SUBSCRIBE to our Youtube channel so you can be notified as soon as they come out!

    Disclaimer: Cryptocurrency trading involves significant risks and may result in the loss of your capital. You should carefully consider whether trading cryptocurrencies is right for you in light of your financial condition and ability to bear financial risks. Cryptocurrency prices are highly volatile and can fluctuate widely in a short period of time. As such, trading cryptocurrencies may not be suitable for everyone. Additionally, storing cryptocurrencies on a centralized exchange carries inherent risks, including the potential for loss due to hacking, exchange collapse, or other security breaches. We strongly advise that you seek independent professional advice before engaging in any cryptocurrency trading activities and carefully consider the security measures in place when choosing or storing your cryptocurrencies on a cryptocurrency exchange.

  • Mantra DAO ($OM): The DeFi project that’s all about community

    Mantra DAO ($OM): The DeFi project that’s all about community

    Mantra DAO ($OM) takes decentralized finance’s (DeFi) innovation of financial networks were users’ voices are heard one step further- by incentivizing token holders to participate in the maintenance and activity of the platform. Mantra also solves the problem that most DeFi projects face — user inactivity. Apart from providing financial services, Mantra gives its users rewards for assisting in system development. But how is Mantra doing this?

    Background

    Mantra DAO’s council is composed of various crypto experts including John Patrick Mullin, Will Corkin, James Anderson, Rodrigo Quan Miranda, and Stephane Laurent Villedieu. They are experienced crypto developers with backgrounds in finance and entrepreneurship.

    The project was developed to leverage the “knowledge and wisdom of the crowd” to create a fully-decentralized ecosystem. With an aim to give financial control back to the people, Mantra’s team decided to build a new financial protocol with community-governance functions.

    What is Mantra DAO?

    Mantra DAO is a Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) built on the Parity Substrate for the Polkadot ecosystem, focused on staking and lending. It also features more community governance functions through its native $OM token.

    The ecosystem supports the following features:

    • Multi-asset staking and lending platform — Users can perform multiple types of transactions like savings, lending, and governance as Mantra DAO provides cross-chain access to other existing DeFi projects.
    • Merit-based reward system – Through Mantra’s incentive system, users can gain rewards for actively using the platform.
    • DAO – Through its native token, users can gain exclusive voting rights on important protocol decisions.
    What is Mantra DAO
    What is Mantra DAO (Image credit: Mantra DAO)

    Rio Blockchain

    The network is built on top of the Rio blockchain. And compared with other systems, Rio can process up to 3,000 transactions per second (tps) — a hundred times higher transaction throughput than Ethereum and Bitcoin combined.

    RioChain is also an interoperable system, allowing various entities and dApps across various blockchains to interact with each other smoothly.

    How does the DAO work?

    Users are given the option to stake or lend their digital assets by depositing them on Mantra’s smart contracts. These assets are pooled and can be loaned to other users to power the platform’s lending service.

    When users stake their assets, they gain interest fees and OM tokens in return. The following are Mantra’s primary services:

    Staking and Lending – Users can stake tokens like Polkadot (DOT), supported DPoS assets, and OM. In return, they receive staking rewards in the form of OM tokens. Users have the option to collateralize their loans with OM as well.

    Ownership and Governance – Holders of OM gain voting rights on Mantra’s DAO. This means that any important changes and parameters implemented in the platform are voted on by OM holders. These decisions can be anything from adjusting interest rates, level of inflation and grant allocations, among others.

    Reputation – Mantra implements a reward system named the KARMA protocol. This is designed to recognize the contribution of OM token holders in the platform by way of providing reputation points.

    The KARMA protocol

    Karma is Mantra’s reputation mechanism that plays a vital role in the ecosystem by enabling the reward and incentivization of its users to execute certain activities. Users who perform various actions with the system are rewarded with KARMA.

    The Karma Protocol has 10 tiers, each of them unlocks various perks that would allow users to enjoy extra incentives to increase their OM token, reduce fees, gain more rewards, etc.

    Here are some of the network activities that can help OM holders gain Karma points:

    • Staking their OM tokens, loaning from the platform, or loan repayments;
    • Governance participation, such as voting on protocol proposals;
    • Joining the Mantra pool; and
    • Referrals

    OM Token

    The whole Mantra ecosystem is powered by the OM token. OM allows community members to influence the direction of the whole project, access collateralized loans and compounded interest, and join the Mantra pool.

    When OM is used to enter the Mantra pool or pay for interest fees on their loans, that token is transferred to Mantra DAO’s burn wallet. This process is somehow different from the popular MakerDAO because the tokens are burned on a quarterly basis. The token burn will continue until eventually, a total of 50% of all the OM in supply is gone.

    Staking OM

    Mantra DAO has enabled a non-custodial staking service on the tokens DOT, KSM, and OM. In the future, other Polkadot supported tokens (RING, PCX, and ACA) and DPoS assets (XTZ, TRX, ADA, EOS, ELA) will also be made available.

    Mantra DAO's staking mechanism
    Mantra DAO’s staking mechanism (Image credit: Mantra Dao whitepaper)

    Mantra distinguishes the staking of assets based on their chain and token type. DPoS assets are charged with a staking fee while Polkadot assets are not. These parameters, however, can be affected by the decision of the community in the near future.

    What is being developed in the pipeline is Mantra’s plan to add custodial staking-as-a-service (SaaS) products on other PoS assets.

    Borrowing in Mantra

    Mantra is working on different lending services that follow three phases.

    Phase 1 – Open Source Lending Protocol

    Through Mantra’s composability, it will provide cross-chain access to other DeFi lending protocols. The purpose of this is to offer Mantra users the opportunity to earn from lending interest fees gained from ERC-20 assets.

    Phase 2 – Third-Party Lending Service Providers

    This will aim to provide access to high-interest savings options and stablecoin loans through partnerships with third-party lending service providers. All of these services will be made accessible on Mantra’s platform.

    Phase 3 – Own Proprietary Lending Algorithm

    In the future, Mantra will launch its own proprietary lending algorithm and stablecoin system which can be collateralized by multiple assets, even those that are on top of other chains. Through tokenized derivatives, users can generate staking rewards while applying for stablecoin loans.

    Mantra Pool – Rewarding Savings

    Mantra has developed a savings game, not only to incentivize staking but to give users the chance to share Mantra DAO’s staking rewards. Winners will be chosen weekly and they will be selected randomly from the participants.

    To join the Mantra pool, users have to burn OM tokens. If they have enough Karma points, they can also be given automatic entries to the pool.

    The funds assigned for the rewards in the Mantra pool comes from 25% of the staking rewards generated by Mantra DAO assets. The prize will be given as a basket of its native assets like Polkadot (DOT), Kusama (KSM), Tezos (XTZ), and OM. If they choose to convert these rewards to OM, they gain interest income on top.

    Conclusion

    Mantra DAO belongs to one of the many DeFi projects seeking to provide crypto users with better control over how their protocol runs. The problem with many other DAO projects is that while they have locked-up value in their smart contracts, voting participation is actually low.

    Through Mantra’s incentive model for governance participation, there is a strong likelihood that the development of the protocol will be a result of its community’s decisions.

    Decentralised Finance (DeFi) series: tutorials, guides and more

    With content for both beginners and more advanced users, check out our YouTube DeFi series containing tutorials on the ESSENTIAL TOOLS you need for trading in the DeFi space e.g. MetaMask and Uniswap. As well as a deep dive into popular DeFi topics such as decentralized exchanges, borrowing-lending platforms and NFT marketplaces

    The DeFi series on this website also covers topics not explored on YouTube. For an introduction on what is DeFi, check out Decentralized Finance (DeFi) Overview: A guide to the HOTTEST trend in cryptocurrency

    Tutorials and guides for the ESSENTIAL DEFI TOOLS:

    More videos and articles are coming soon as part of our DeFi series, so be sure to SUBSCRIBE to our Youtube channel so you can be notified as soon as they come out!

    Disclaimer: Cryptocurrency trading involves significant risks and may result in the loss of your capital. You should carefully consider whether trading cryptocurrencies is right for you in light of your financial condition and ability to bear financial risks. Cryptocurrency prices are highly volatile and can fluctuate widely in a short period of time. As such, trading cryptocurrencies may not be suitable for everyone. Additionally, storing cryptocurrencies on a centralized exchange carries inherent risks, including the potential for loss due to hacking, exchange collapse, or other security breaches. We strongly advise that you seek independent professional advice before engaging in any cryptocurrency trading activities and carefully consider the security measures in place when choosing or storing your cryptocurrencies on a cryptocurrency exchange.

  • Curve Finance ($CRV) guide

    Curve Finance ($CRV) guide

    Curve Finance is a decentralized exchange (DEX) for trading stablecoins. As with every other Decentralised Finance (DeFi) project, Curve Finance has its own token known as Curve DAO token ($CRV). The Curve Finance DEX has already been up and running since January 2020, and yield farmers have already been making gains off of it. However, it was the abrupt listing of the $CRV token on 14th August 2020 that really turned heads in the cryptocurrency space, and not necessarily in a good way. In this article, we take a look at the background and features of Curve Finance and the controversial launch of its $CRV token.

    To learn more about Curve Finance and specifically $CRV yield farming and how to see if YOU may have any $CRV, check out our latest video:

    Curve Finance ($CRV) Yield Farming

    Background

    Michael Egorov CEO of Curve Finance, also worked with the NuCypher team as Co-founder and CTO for five years. Egorov has served Curve through his expertise in software development, thanks to his managerial stints at different tech companies in the past.

    The team behind Curve Finance officially began working on the exchange back in December 2019, and they launched it in January 2020. Even then, Curve was already being used by several arbitrage traders, but its popularity shot up after it recently (and surprisingly) launched its governance token this August 2020.

    Interestingly, it appears that even after the launch of the CRV token, some members of the Curve team did not know that it was already out. It was so abrupt that the team had to adopt it after having no option but to just review its codes following the deployment.

    What is Curve Finance?

    Curve is a decentralized exchange liquidity pool built to support the efficient trading of stablecoins. At present, Curve supports BTC pairs, as well as DAI, BUSD, sUSD, TUSD, USDC, and USDT.

    And through the help of AMMs (automated market makers), Curve makes low slippage trades possible while keeping transaction fees low. Most arbitrage traders prefer Curve compared with other liquidity pools like Uniswap simply because of the savings in trades.

    With only a few months in existence, the platform has already beaten other exchanges in terms of trading volume. With Uniswap at the top of the ranks, Curve performed stronger than projects such as Aave, Compound Finance and Balancer.

    What sets Curve apart from other DEXs?

    The problem with DEXs like Uniswap is the cost that users incur for token trades. If you look at other DEXs, they can’t facilitate direct token trades. In Uniswap’s case, for example, stablecoins still have to be traded for ETH, before they are traded with the stablecoin that the user wishes to get (Uniswap V2 might have already eliminated this drawback). Given that the transaction involves two trades, the transaction fees are also doubled for every user.

    Curve functions differently. The platform’s liquidity pool allows direct token trades among listed pairs. With a direct swap function, users save more by paying lower trading fees. And as of now, the fees are still set at 0.04% per transaction. This means that users have the opportunity to execute more efficient trades without having to pay much in fees for every transaction.

    The algorithms for both DEXs are also different. Uniswap focuses on maximizing available liquidity, but Curve’s algorithm puts more importance in minimizing slippage. Because of this, high frequency and large volume traders save more by using Curve.

    Compared with the order book systems, Curve uses an AMM model that maximizes on-chain liquidity pools to provide the necessary funding even before trades are executed.

    Making Money Providing Liquidity in Curve

    On-chain liquidity pools refer to funds held in exchanges to facilitate trades. With Curve, users can freely deposit any supported token in the pool and become a liquidity provider. This is what we mean when we talk about funding specific pools for Curve’s trading pairs.

    And in turn, liquidity providers earn fees from the swaps that are performed in the exchange.

    Thanks to Curve’s composability, its liquidity pool is also accessible to many other protocols. In fact, the platform experienced increased trading volume after the introduction of liquidity mining from yEarn.

    yCRV

    In liquidity mining, miners help run an exchange’s market-making bot to help it run its trades. This trend enticed miners to provide additional liquidity in yEarn’s yCRV token because it appeared to be quite profitable.

    The yCRV token is a wrapped token composed of Curve’s supported trading pairs and represents its liquidity pool. Additionally, since Curve’s liquidity pool is available to other protocols such as Compound, liquidity providers also earn additional income from their interest fees.

    While supplying liquidity in Curve’s pool appears profitable, it also entails some risks. These are some of the uncertainties that Curve’s liquidity providers are likely to face.

    DeFi Ecosystem Vulnerability

    Since Curve is already integrated with some other DeFi platforms, users have to be able to monitor ongoing issues on these other protocols. Looking after security issues in other projects will ensure that liquidity providers are well-knowledgeable about the risks of depositing their assets in Curve’s pools.


    Yield Volatility

    Curve’s yields fluctuate a lot. Although high yield pools entice users to provide liquidity over time, it also ultimately becomes low or medium yield pools over time.

    To combat this, users can opt to supply liquidity to all Curve pool, a diversification strategy. And this would give out the average yield of all pools. Unfortunately, it also raises slippage and gas fees, as well as exposure to smart contract vulnerability.

    Calculating Profits after Gas and Fees

    One hurdle with supplying liquidity on the Curve protocol is calculating your profits after gas and slippage fees are deducted.

    The platform splits liquidity across various pools and is linked to external protocols. As a result, gas fees are relatively high. And depending on tokens you supply, you may encounter significant slippage as well.

    This makes it rather difficult to do yield-hunting — the chasing of high yields by changing of pools. It is recommended that liquidity providers deposit tokens to pools for long enough periods in order to make a profit after slippage and gas fees are paid.

    $CRV Token

    $CRV is Curve’s native token, it is generated when you deposit and stake cryptocurrencies on the platform. It is awarded to liquidity providers proportional to their share from the yield which their pools make. And since CRV has just been released, those who have contributed to Curve’s liquidity pool will receive a prorated amount of it.

    With Curve’s transition to become a DAO, CRV tokens also represent the holders’ rights to take part in its governance mechanism, so they can make proposals and vote on them. And with CRV, governance will follow a ‘time-weighted’ voting system. It simply means that the longer they hold CRVs, the greater their voting power in the DAO becomes.

    What yield-farmers also do is to take advantage of the popularity of DeFi to speculate on tokens such as $CRV. So what they would do is after depositing and earning the $CRV token, they would sell $CRV on the market for profit.

    What happened with the $CRV token launch?

    Prior to the launch, $CRV was one of the most anticipated and talked about tokens, and the team saying it would launch in “early August 2020”. On 14th August 2020, the $CRV token was suddenly launched by an anonymous developer without anyone, including the Curve Finance team knowing. The developer was able to do this because the code of the $CRV token and DAO was available on GitHub, so all the developer had to do was to put the two together and launch the smart contract.

    Of course after the initial launch of the token other cryptocurrency enthusiasts started posting on Twitter about the news. This meant the Curve team had to go around clarifying the situation and saying it was a scam. The Curve team also scrambled to confirm that the contract deployed by the developer had the same code and that there were no significant changes or backdoors added i.e. there was nothing malicious in the contracts.

    So Curve ended up declaring that this was their official token and DAO launch, and needless to say, the cryptocurrency community were not happy about it. This was made worse by the fact that in the hours between the time the developer launched $CRV and Curve declaring it was an official launch, 80,000 CRV tokens were already mined by some users. This led many others to say that it was unfair to others considering the Curve team had previously announced there would be 24 hours between the contract being deployed and the first token being issued.

    Curve team declares their DAO and $CRV was launched

    Following this announcement, other major exchanges such as Binance, OKEx etc. also began listing $CRV.

    $CRV is highly volatile, prices were at an all time high of $54.01 on 14th August 2020, and went to an all time low of $4.17 on 17th August 2020. Also being a mined currency, the initial supply will be extremely low and only increases over time after more has been mined. This results in prices being highly volatile as we can see because with more tokens will be mined, these miners will quickly sell their tokens on the market. This is especially the case during the initial launch phase where there is a lot of hype, but very little supply.

    So those speculating on $CRV really need to exercise caution because it is very risky.

    How to Use Curve to Trade

    In order to use Curve Finance, simply go to their web portal at https://www.curve.fi and connect a web3 wallet like MetaMask.

    Choose which cryptocurrencies you want to trade. Then, click “Sell” at the bottom. You will then be prompted by your web3 wallet to confirm the transaction.

    Once confirmed, it means that your trade is successful.

    Conclusion

    While Curve can also be a profitable alternative against Uniswap in terms of high frequency and large volume trades, everyone still has to consider how to effectively balance potential earnings from its corresponding risks.

    And if the Curve project continues its run successfully in the months and years to come, it might even become one of the best performing DEXs in the DeFi space for offering low slippage trades as compared with its competitors.

    Decentralised Finance (DeFi) series: tutorials, guides and more

    With content for both beginners and more advanced users, check out our YouTube DeFi series containing tutorials on the ESSENTIAL TOOLS you need for trading in the DeFi space e.g. MetaMask and Uniswap. As well as a deep dive into popular DeFi topics such as decentralized exchanges, borrowing-lending platforms and NFT marketplaces

    The DeFi series on this website also covers topics not explored on YouTube. For an introduction on what is DeFi, check out Decentralized Finance (DeFi) Overview: A guide to the HOTTEST trend in cryptocurrency

    Tutorials and guides for the ESSENTIAL DEFI TOOLS:

    More videos and articles are coming soon as part of our DeFi series, so be sure to SUBSCRIBE to our Youtube channel so you can be notified as soon as they come out!

    Disclaimer: Cryptocurrency trading involves significant risks and may result in the loss of your capital. You should carefully consider whether trading cryptocurrencies is right for you in light of your financial condition and ability to bear financial risks. Cryptocurrency prices are highly volatile and can fluctuate widely in a short period of time. As such, trading cryptocurrencies may not be suitable for everyone. Additionally, storing cryptocurrencies on a centralized exchange carries inherent risks, including the potential for loss due to hacking, exchange collapse, or other security breaches. We strongly advise that you seek independent professional advice before engaging in any cryptocurrency trading activities and carefully consider the security measures in place when choosing or storing your cryptocurrencies on a cryptocurrency exchange.

  • What is Utrust ($UTK): Full guide and review

    What is Utrust ($UTK): Full guide and review

    Utrust aims to distinguish itself from the competition and overcome the volatility and lack of consumer protection which are some of the biggest factors preventing user adoption of cryptocurrencies. Utrust tries to do this by merging the best features of traditional payment gateways with the security of blockchain technology.

    Background and team

    Sanja Kon is the CEO of Utrust with an extensive track record working as the Head of Marketplaces and Large Enterprises at PayPal. She also has previous experience working as the European Partner of Development at eBay. Coming from PayPal, she has a full understanding of the eCommerce ecosystem and how to handle merchant partners. This positions Utrust at a very strategic position in terms so cryptocurrency payment adoption.

    What is Utrust?

    Utrust is a digital payment platform built on the blockchain. It combines the features of the traditional online payment system and blockchain technology to offer the best of both worlds. One that offers an affordable payment system that secures transactions between buyers and sellers from the point of payment until they receive the products.

    The platform also streamlines the exchange between merchants and consumers by making payments simpler. There is no need to bear huge operational costs or conversion fees anymore just to establish a cryptocurrency payment gateway. This makes the option of accepting and making cryptocurrency payments within everyone’s reach.

    Utrust goes further by promising real-time business-to-consumer transactions without having both parties suffer from the volatility of cryptocurrencies. After all, there is nothing scarier than transacting in cryptocurrencies only to later find out that the payment you accepted significantly changed in value.

    The Utrust platform supports different digital currencies and its native token, $UTK. Users can make payments for goods and services without any exchange rate fee if they are paid in UTK.

    UTK is backed by the platform. Each time a transaction happens, a small percentage of the fees are converted into UTK and burned. This decreases the total supply of UTK, causing its value to rise. The more transactions, the higher the token value becomes.

    Others believe that Utrust might just be the alternative to PayPal because PayPal can be expensive and at times, inconvenient to use. Here is how they do it.

    How Does Utrust Work?

    Perhaps one of the biggest problems in transacting in cryptocurrency is that at any given time, the price of a particular coin may change drastically. Or, a transaction that was already finalized might turn out to be disadvantageous for the buyer but cannot be reversed anymore.

    Here is how Utrust combined the traditional buyer protection system with blockchain technology:

    1. The transaction begins with buyers looking for merchants accepting cryptocurrencies. Through the merchant’s website, they can see if they have integrated Utrust with their payment system. Buyers can also use the Utrust wallet on their mobile phones to store, send and buy products and transactions will be processed instantly.
    2. The buyer is charged a total payment fee that covers a 1% commission and conversion fee. This is what Utrust carries to convert cryptos into fiat currencies in real-time with the best conversion rates.
    3. When the buyer completes the purchase of a product, the fiat money they pay will be converted and held in escrow. It will only be released after a prescribed holding period.
    4. Should there be no disputes in the transaction, the payment is released from escrow.
    5. The seller receives the payment in fiat currency, which he can withdraw, or convert to another cryptocurrency.

    What is the holding period? Utrust’s Performance-Based Criteria

    The holding period in point 3 above refers to the time period before the merchant receives the actual payment for the product sold. Utrust determines the length of the holding period depending on the reputation of the merchant in the marketplace.

    The purpose of the holding period is to ensure that the products each customer buys are received in a condition agreed upon before each transaction. If the transaction is all well and good, the amount held in escrow is released.

    For successful transactions or those that are dispute-free, the merchant earns good reputation ratings. But the more disputes they experience in their transactions, the lower their rating becomes. And the lower their reputation rating is, the longer their payment holding period is.

    UTrust’s Third-party Mediation

    Utrust’s third-party mediation in transactions takes the form of establishing a safe communication platform for everyone involved. Through a messaging system, buyers and sellers can easily discuss their concerns with a particular product if they need to. And if a conflict arises, Utrust has impartial mediators who can resolve arising disputes and decide whether to refund a buyer or release payments to the merchant.

    What Problems Is Utrust Trying to Solve?

    Cryptocurrency Volatility

    The reason why some merchants do not accept payments made in cryptocurrency is because of high transaction fees and volatility. This makes crypto transactions less feasible and much riskier for merchants and buyers.

    Consumer Protection

    Consumer protection is the process where the merchants can interact with the seller before a transaction is actually finalized. If a product received seems to be faulty, it must be settled accordingly before each transaction is closed. But this is not the case with most payment gateways. Blockchain’s immutability makes it difficult for merchants and buyers to reverse problematic transactions because of the nature of blockchain transactions.

    Advantages of Utrust

    Immediate Conversion From Crypto to Fiat

    Sellers have the option to accept the fiat currency of their choice for payments. To protect sellers from market volatility, funds are immediately converted into fiat currency whenever customers pay in cryptocurrency.

    The seller then receives the payment and is offered the option to withdraw it in his bank account, store it in their wallet, or convert it into another cryptocurrency.

    Buyer Protection System

    Apart from addressing market volatility, Utrust also took steps in protecting consumers from scams by acting as a third-party mediator between transactions. Every purchase is protected from the point of payment to delivery.

    Utrust has a blockchain-powered buyer protection system that creates a safe and secure environment for payment transactions between customers and merchants. This is done via Utrust holding the funds and releasing them to the seller on performance-based criteria.

    And because transactions are recorded on the blockchain, they are irreversible and final. This eliminates the possibility of fraud from buyers, chargebacks, and other financial losses arising from failed transactions.

    While there are a lot of other payment gateways available in the cryptocurrency space, Utrust is the first to provide consumer protection and third party mediation, unlike other blockchain payment gateways.

    Partners

    Utrust has already on-boarded several businesses such as S.L.Benfica, PRW Jewlery, Phone House, iperfumes.com, Bleu Jour, Whow, Alternative Airlines, Woocommerce, Morefrom and Elrond, among others.

    Conclusion

    We can get the best out of technology and innovation by putting together the best features of traditional innovations and blockchain technology. UTrust did exactly that when it meshed together the traditional process of consumer protection and the advanced infrastructure brought by blockchain.

    If we are looking at increasing the adoption rate for cryptocurrencies, this is the way to go. Utrust addresses the risk of price volatility that scares merchants from accepting them as payment transactions and offers a solution to the problem of fraudulent payments.

    Disclaimer: Cryptocurrency trading involves significant risks and may result in the loss of your capital. You should carefully consider whether trading cryptocurrencies is right for you in light of your financial condition and ability to bear financial risks. Cryptocurrency prices are highly volatile and can fluctuate widely in a short period of time. As such, trading cryptocurrencies may not be suitable for everyone. Additionally, storing cryptocurrencies on a centralized exchange carries inherent risks, including the potential for loss due to hacking, exchange collapse, or other security breaches. We strongly advise that you seek independent professional advice before engaging in any cryptocurrency trading activities and carefully consider the security measures in place when choosing or storing your cryptocurrencies on a cryptocurrency exchange.