Boxmining v2

Category: Guide

  • Stacks ($STX): Bringing Bitcoin’s security to decentralised apps

    Stacks ($STX): Bringing Bitcoin’s security to decentralised apps

    Stacks ($STX) (formerly Blockstack) is an open-source network that allows developers to easily build decentralised applications (such as decentralised finance DeFi applications) and smart contracts. It also relies on Bitcoin as a backbone by reusing its computing power and blockchain for settlement and security with a new mechanism known as proof of transfer (PoX). Below, we look into PoX and everything you need to know about Stacks.


    Background

    Stacks is handled by a globally-distributed team that includes scientists from leading universities such as MIT, Stanford, and Princeton. On top of that, The project is a public company with its headquarters in New York.

    Stacks’s place in the DeFi and broader crypto ecosystem is further cemented by being backed by notable names in the industry such as Y Combinator, Foundation Capital, Digital Currency Group, Winklevoss Capital, and LUX.

    What is Stacks?

    Stacks is a decentralized platform that leverages the Bitcoin platform’s security to power the creation of smart contracts and decentralized applications (Dapps). Interestingly, the network does not have to recreate the system’s PoW mechanism to connect to it. The project has four major layers; application, protocol, Stacks blockchain, and the Bitcoin system.

    What is Proof of Transfer (PoX)?

    Proof of Transfer (PoX) and the earliest Proof of Work (PoW) are requirements to define what a miner needs to do in order to create blocks on the blockchain. The purpose of mining is to verify a transactions’ legitimacy and in return miners are rewarded with cryptocurrencies. Proof of Work is the mechanism used for Bitcoin whereby miners compete to solve a puzzle using their computer’s processing power in order to add each block to the chain.

    Learn more about what REAL cryptocurrency mining looks like.

    However, Bitcoin has its fair share of drawbacks. It has a very low transaction speed and is not smart contract-friendly. Therefore, second-layer solutions like the Lightning Network have tried to provide fast Bitcoin transactions but failed to power smart contracts.

    As such, it has lost in the competition to Ethereum who now powers most decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols. Yet, with Ethereum witnessing increased congestion, new projects are shifting from Bitcoin and Ethereum’s proof of work (PoW) to platforms using proof of stake (PoS) and other energy-friendly consensus mechanisms such as proof of burn (PoB). Now Stacks wants to take this a step further with their proof of transfer (PoX).

    Name What miner needs to do to mint new cryptocurrencies
    Proof of work (PoW) Use electricity towards computations i.e. solving complex problems.
    Proof of stake (PoS) Dedicate an economic stake in a base cryptocurrency
    Proof of burn (PoB) Destroy a base cryptocurrency
    Proof of transfer (PoX) Transfer a base cryptocurrency
    Proof of work and other mechanisms

    Stacks Blockchain

    As mentioned earlier, Stacks has four major layers; application, protocol, Stacks blockchain, and the Bitcoin system.

    Stacks blockchain is the solid rock that holds the ecosystem together. It is a distributed layer by itself and allows users to create smart contracts and virtual assets. What’s interesting with this layer is that it’s not a layer two chain but connects to the BTC-powered network with a 1:1 block ratio.

    This implies that whatever happens on the Stacks platform is easily verifiable on the Bitcoin platform.

    How Do the Two Platforms Connect?

    To interface the two independent distributed networks, the Stacks blockchain uses PoX instead of PoW. Generally, the mechanism enables miners to mine a new digital currency by transferring a base currency. In the case of Stacks, transferring BTC results in a new coin being minted on the Stacks protocol.

    Apart from fronting a new consensus mechanism i.e. PoX, the decentralized platform allows its users to easily create virtual assets that are transferable, and ownership can be assigned. The assets can represent a wide range of use cases such as business models, funding, and governance.

    However, to effectively cater to each of these use cases, Stacks, through the Stacks blockchain, supports different asset types such as fungible and non-fungible tokens.

    Learn more about the differences between fungible and non-fungible tokens.

    To power smart contracts, the Stacks blockchain uses a smart contract-centric programming language called Clarity, which provides enhanced security. Notably, the programming language is employed by leading decentralized platforms such as Algorand.

    Protocol Layer

    The protocol layer has the storage, authentication, financial, and naming service. Stacks’ storage system is called Gaia. It stores app data without the need for a third-party service provider.

    It utilizes off-chain cloud systems such as a DigitalOcean or Azure to power super-fast data access by applications. Fortunately, the data is secured by its creator’s private key.

    On the other hand, Stacks uses a decentralized feature to provide authentication. Authentication powers access to the network’s apps using a username and details on Gaia.

    The financial aspect of the system supports DeFi platforms such as those providing decentralized exchanges and lending. The financial pillar is further strengthened by the protocol’s use of Clarity to drive smart contracts.

    For instance, the smart contract-programming language can interface directly with the Bitcoin blockchain. Additionally, it’s reinforced to prevent security breaches and anticipate possible vulnerabilities.

    Stacks has a unique naming feature called BNS (Blockstack Naming Service). Despite being decentralized, the service enables the platform’s users to give assets human-readable names. The names are secured with a combination of public and private keys.

    $STX Token: What is is and tokenomics?

    Activities on the Stacks blockchain are powered by a native currency known as Stacks token ($STX). It is used up as “fuel” when making transactions, interacting with smart contracts and using the BNS feature. It is also distributed as a reward to STX miners (see below).

    The genesis block minted 1.3 billion Stacks tokens. Minted coins were shared among the founders, treasury, equity investors, employees, two token sales, and app mining.

    Stacks token distribution
    Stacks token distribution (Image credit: Stacks Whitepaper)

    App mining is Stacks’ way to reward developers for building high-quality applications on the Stacks network.

    Stacks is available on Binance, HashKey, Crypto.com, and Kucoin. Unfortunately, its availability has been set for non-US persons only.

    Stack Network’s Use Cases

    From the start, the platform is built to enable privacy and allow users to control how their data is used in a world where user data is treated as a commodity for sale. And with Stacks’ use of PoX, Clarity, and other qualities, developers can ensure data privacy when creating apps, eliminate central authorities in financial products, and build fair games.

    Stacks 2.0 and use cases

    Stacks 2.0 blockchain is a layer-1 blockchain utilising the Bitcoin blockchain as a secure base-layer to bring apps and smart contracts to Bitcoin. Stacks 2.0 is currently in the testnet phase. The team have confirmed they are on track to reach code completion for the Stacks 2.0 blockchain by 15th December 2020 and have set a launch date for 14th January 2021.

    Stacks implements proof of transfer (PoX) as a consensus mechanism and natively connects to Bitcoin. Therefore developers can ensure data privacy when creating apps, eliminate central authorities in financial products, and build fair games without the need to modify Bitcoin.

    There will be 2 types of participants on Stacks

    STX miners

    They can spend BTC to elect leaders by sending transactions on the Bitcoin blockchain, where a Verifiable Random Function (VRF) will randomly select the leader of each round. The leader then writes the new block on the Stacks chain.

    As a reward, STX miners get STX tokens, transaction fees, and the Clarity contract execution fees of each block.

    STX holders

    Holders can participate in consensus by locking up their STX for a cycle, running a full node, and sending useful information on the Stacks network as transactions.

    As a reward, STX holders can earn Bitcoin rewards and unlike in the proof of stake mechanism, there is no risk of slashing for STX holders.

    Conclusion

    With an increasing number of security breaches on smart contracts and blockchain platforms, leveraging Bitcoin’s security when building smart contracts puts Stacks at the top of the game. Using Clarity at the base of every smart contract keeps hackers at bay, especially in the DeFi scene where malicious actors are always on the prowl for vulnerabilities in protocols.

    Additionally, Chainlink oracles provide a trusted source of off-chain data for developers, while PoX allows for a one-on-one connection to the BTC-powered blockchain.

    We are certainly curious to see what the team come up with in Stacks 2.0 and whether they can live up to their aims.

    Disclaimer: Cryptocurrency trading involves significant risks and may result in the loss of your capital. You should carefully consider whether trading cryptocurrencies is right for you in light of your financial condition and ability to bear financial risks. Cryptocurrency prices are highly volatile and can fluctuate widely in a short period of time. As such, trading cryptocurrencies may not be suitable for everyone. Additionally, storing cryptocurrencies on a centralized exchange carries inherent risks, including the potential for loss due to hacking, exchange collapse, or other security breaches. We strongly advise that you seek independent professional advice before engaging in any cryptocurrency trading activities and carefully consider the security measures in place when choosing or storing your cryptocurrencies on a cryptocurrency exchange.

  • Moonbeam ($GLMR $RIVER): expanding to multi-chain with Polkadot

    Moonbeam ($GLMR $RIVER): expanding to multi-chain with Polkadot

    For a long time, decentralized platforms have been operating in silos, but now, developers are looking for ways to interface with different blockchain platforms. Apart from interoperability, new projects are looking for ways to power the seamless movement of tokens between chains.

    One such project is Moonbeam ($GLMR, $RIVER), a platform that works under the belief that the future of distributed systems is multi-chain. The project brings smart contract technology to another level and takes developers, end-users, collators, and other network participants along with it. Moonbeam’s entry into the scene provides a crucial pillar to decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms.

    For example, SushiSwap has already transferred its core exchange protocol on Moonbeam, specifically on the Moonbase Alpha TestNet. Below, we explore the platform, including how it offers Ethereum developers an easy way out.

    Background

    PureStake, a master in developing reliable, secure, and next-generation blockchain infrastructure, is behind the Moonbeam project. PureStake’s team experience spans from managing high-end data centers, as-a-service platforms, and networks for institutions strictly bent towards security and availability.

    Top PureStake team members include Derek Yoo, Stefan Mehlhorn, and Tim Baldwin. Yoo, the CEO, has 20 years of experience in software development and cloud systems. Mehlhorn is the chief operating officer with 25 years in technical operations in various top companies such as Samsung.

    Before joining PureStake, he was the CEO of Collego and Parmessa. On the other hand, Baldwin is PureStake’s vice president of engineering and has 20 years of experience leading DevOps and application development teams.

    What is Moonbeam Network?

    Moonbeam is a developer-focused decentralized network providing tools to enhance compatibility with the Ethereum blockchain. Notably, the network fully implements the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), an application programming interface (API) with Web3 compatibility, and provides bridges to enhance connection with Ethereum-based protocols.

    With these functionalities, developers can deploy solidity-based smart contracts and decentralized application (Dapp) frontends on Moonbeam with little to minimal modifications.

    Additionally, Moonbeam is part of the Polkadot ecosystem, where it operates as a parachain.

    Consequently, it taps into Polkadot’s security and connects to other networks on Polkadot.

    Building on Moonbeam can either be done by employing a standalone node on the network or connecting to Moonbase, a testnet environment. The protocol supports major wallets such as MetaMask and MathWallet.

    Note that Moonbeam’s Ethereum compatibility allows it to support other wallets that work with the Ethereum blockchain. In addition, it works with major Ethereum tools such as Remix, Truffle, HardHat, Web3.py, Ethers.js, and Web3.js. Additionally, for projects requiring interaction with external data, Moonbeam supports leading oracle platforms like Band Protocol, Chainlink, and Razor Network.

    How Moonbeam Works

    Moonbeam employs a proof-of-stake (PoS) mechanism for block production and transaction confirmations. However, it leverages Polkadot’s PoS model that features validators and collators. Collators collect transactions from Polkadot’s parachains, such as Moonbeam. They then create state transition proofs for use by validators on the relay chain.

    Collators are selected depending on their stake in the protocol. However, the staked amount is slashed in case a collator acts dishonestly. Notably, network users can delegate their tokens to collators who share their block rewards with the delegators or nominators. The high the stake, the stronger the network security, the higher the chance of being selected as a collator.

    Currently, the Moonbeam network caps the maximum number of nominators that can delegate their tokens to 10, and a nominator can stake their tokens with a maximum of 8 collators.

    Each block production round takes roughly two hours and is made up of 600 blocks. The staking rewards are delayed for two rounds.

    Observe that collators charge nominators for their service as soon as they are successfully nominated to be block producers. Therefore, during reward distribution, collators remove the commission after getting the block rewards and then distribute the rest to nominators depending on their delegated amount.

    Glimmer ($GLMR) and River ($RIVER) token

    Moonbeam has 2 utility tokens: Glimmer ($GLRM) and River ($RIVER). The major difference between the 2 tokens is that they are respectively deployed on the Polkadot and Kusama relay chain.

    Glimmer and River token utilities
    Glimmer and River token utilities (Image credit: Moonbeam network)

    Glimmer token (GLMR)

    The Moonbeam platform has a base asset called Glimmer (GLMR), which has specific functionalities throughout its ecosystem. Glimmer works on the Moonbeam network and the Polkadot relay chain.

    GLMR is used to:

    1. Pay transaction fees.
    2. Support network operations.
    3. Reward collators.
    4. Power on-chain governance.
    5. Support gas metering of smart contract execution.

    GLMR has a genesis token supply of 10 million and an annual inflation rate of 5%. The token distribution goes to seed funding, strategic sale, public sale, parachain bond funding, treasury, development, partners/advisors, founders, among others. Moonbeam tackles the 5% inflation by burning 80% of the transaction fees.

    River token (RIVER)

    The RIVER token is deployed on Kusama and acts as a “CanaryNet” on the network. This means the token utility behaviours on Moonriver will mirror Moonbeam.

    Governance on Moonbeam

    Moonbeam employs community governance through the Glimmer token. Token holders range from developers, users, collators, and contributors. The governance aspect defines how token holders interact with proposals, referendum, voting, enactment, lock period, and delegation. Moonbeam takes a layered approach to governance.

    Most importantly, governance is conducted on-chain. Some critical governance components include:

    1. Referendum – This is made up of the proposal with the highest number of votes. A proposal contains suggestions to change Moonbeam parameters, such as code upgrades and governance parameters. The platform supports a maximum of five proposals at each referendum.
    2. Voting – Voting is done by token holders. Notably, the weight of each vote depends on the amount of staked tokens.
    3. Council – This is a group of participants that propose referenda and vet community-suggested proposals. However, council members have special voting rights and are voted in by GLMR holders.
    4. Treasury – The treasury holds funds from users who wish to submit a proposal. The council can either approve or reject such proposals. Unfortunately, in case of a rejection, the proposer loses the amount held in the treasury.

    Conclusion

    Moonbeam is not a typical EVM implementation. Instead, it adds to the existing Ethereum features such as staking, on-chain governance, and inter-blockchain connections.

    Notably, Moonbeam’s community governance framework employs a layered structure. As such, it ensures only the most viable proposals make it to the voting stage. Additionally, integrating EVM and Web3 makes it easier for developers to transfer existing projects to the network with minimal changes.

    On the other hand, GLMR helps power the network by enabling staking, payment of transaction fees, and rewarding collators. Note that the network’s use of the Polkadot PoS consensus mechanism provides scalability and high transaction speeds.

    Disclaimer: Cryptocurrency trading involves significant risks and may result in the loss of your capital. You should carefully consider whether trading cryptocurrencies is right for you in light of your financial condition and ability to bear financial risks. Cryptocurrency prices are highly volatile and can fluctuate widely in a short period of time. As such, trading cryptocurrencies may not be suitable for everyone. Additionally, storing cryptocurrencies on a centralized exchange carries inherent risks, including the potential for loss due to hacking, exchange collapse, or other security breaches. We strongly advise that you seek independent professional advice before engaging in any cryptocurrency trading activities and carefully consider the security measures in place when choosing or storing your cryptocurrencies on a cryptocurrency exchange.

  • Base Protocol ($BASE): a rebasing token to cover all cryptocurrencies?

    Base Protocol ($BASE): a rebasing token to cover all cryptocurrencies?

    Base Protocol ($BASE) created a token with a value pegged to the total market capitalization of every cryptocurrency available in the market. The purpose is to diversify a person’s investments and expand their exposure to a lot of cryptocurrencies that they would not have otherwise availed from existing traditional investment vehicles. 

    This has helped investors because trading on the cryptocurrency market has always been challenging. Especially when the performance of some coins varies a lot from each other. There are big gainers and big losers. In addition, choosing which digital currency to invest in can be truly difficult at times considering their inherent risks. Fortunately, Base Protocol’s token aims to solve this problem.


    Learn more about Base Protocol and how rebasing works in our debate with Nick Ravanbakhsh, co-founder of Base Protocol.

    EPIC Debate: Are “Rebases” Useful Financially? – With Base Protocol

    Background

    Nick Ravanbakhsh and Dylan Senter, founders of the Base Protocol, started the project to address the lack of a crypto index fund product for the cryptocurrency market. They came up with the idea to establish a basket of digital assets that track the market.

    Both of them are also co-founders of Spectiv, a digital token designed as a rewards system for content creators, aiming to do away with the advertising intermediaries like YouTube or Facebook.

    Base Protocol’s key team members also include Chris Peña (Head of Development), who has over 10 years of experience being a developer for systems that span multiple industries,and Based McGee (Head of Development — Solidity), who has 10 years of experience being a software engineer.

    What is Base Protocol?

    Base Protocol is an Ethereum-based synthetic token that has its price derived from the value of all digital assets in the cryptocurrency market. You can think of it like a stock index. It functions as a trading vehicle where the price is dependent on the movement of all other stocks held in its particular market.

    Through Base, investors can participate in the cryptocurrency market with the Base Protocol index mitigating risk.

    Rather than simply speculating on the numerous cryptocurrencies that pop up almost daily, investors can spread their risk by simply investing in Base Protocol. This means that they can have a stake in every successful coin, at the same time, have a more balanced risk exposure.

    And for as long as the cryptocurrency market continues to grow, you cannot lose. Basically, this project is geared to those who believe in the nascent industry’s long-term potential.

    Features of Base Protocol

    Base Protocol as a Synthetic Asset

    A synthetic asset in finance is a tool designed to produce the same effects as investing in another asset (called the underlying asset). However, it also alters the key characteristics of the underlying asset.

    This is effectively the engineering mechanism behind the Base protocol, which is a synthetic asset that simulates the performance of the cryptocurrency market. To do this effectively, it is built with some important features in place.

    Elastic supply

    BASE’s value is designed to be the combined value of all cryptocurrencies in the market at a ratio of 1:1 trillion. Hence Base Protocol is built to always achieve equilibrium with the market cap of all cryptocurrencies (target price). This means that its supply could also change depending on the current state of the market. Through its rebasing method, BASE could ensure that it can reconcile the difference between the value of its coin and the total market cap for cryptocurrencies.

    Rebasing- how does it work?

    Rebasing is the term used for the process by which a synthetic asset’s price is restored in equilibrium to the underlying asset. BASE’s rebasing mechanism adjusts its total supply until the market price reaches the target price.

    While this protocol functions to ensure that the market price of BASE always correlates with the target price – it often only manages to influence the corrections. It is left to market actors to respond to rebases to correct prices.

    Rebase process
    Rebase process (Image credit: Base Protocol whitepaper)

    Example

    • t0 — An investor buys 1 BASE with a market price $1
    • t1— The market price of BASE goes up to $2 – out of sync with the target price of $1
    • t2 — To restore the market price’s equilibrium to target price, BASE’s total supply is adjusted in proportion to the difference. This is a “rebase”, and the process is called a “rebase event”.
    • t3 — Regardless of the rebase event, the investor’s net $ balance and his percent ownership of the total supply are always constant.

    BASE Token ($BASE)

    Base’s token ($BASE) is the token associated with the Base Protocol index and is both itself a cryptocurrency and a measure of the cryptocurrency market as a whole. It serves as a trading instrument that enables individuals to make investments based on the whole cryptocurrency market, instead of just a single or few digital asset selections.

    BASE’s value follows the ratio of 1:1 trillion, based on the whole market cap for cryptocurrencies. For example, if the market cap is at $800 billion, the value of one BASE is $0.80.

    The protocol is based on the Ethereum blockchain and can be bought on Uniswap. The price feed uses Chainlink’s decentralized oracle network.

    While BASE is becoming more popular as an investment instrument, it can serve other specific purposes too. Here are some of the other features that the $BASE token can be used for.

    Uses for $BASE token

    Price Reference

    Traders trying to analyze the potential movement of a particular coin could track its price with the value of BASE to determine how they fare against the whole crypto market. This can even be better than just comparing altcoins with BTC because it shows an overview of the whole crypto economy. 

    Hence $BASE is intended to be a single token that allows an investor to speculate on all crypto assets simultaneously. This way, they don’t have to buy any specific coin or invest in a select few and can spread their stake across the entire industry.

    As long as the investor is optimistic about the industry’s future, they can invest in the market as a whole.

    Safe Haven

    According to the Team, purchasing BASE allows holders to make safe investments, instead of just selecting a single digital asset.

    This is because cherry-picking cryptocurrencies into a portfolio opens the investor to the risk of loss — seeing how volatile the market can be. People might also miss out on the emergence of the rapid rise of any new currency.

    By investing in $BASE, however, the idea is that one can mitigate the risk of exposure of individual coins while enjoying the rest’s potential gains.

    Price Reference

    As a market tracker, BASE’s price is indicative of the total market cap of the crypto market. Crypto investors already track the performance of altcoins in relation to bitcoin instead of USD.

    The performance of any altcoin in relation to bitcoin is more a more important measure for the decentralized economy. But even better would be to use $BASE as the price reference. Instead of just BTC, the trader can see how well any altcoin performs against the entire crypto market.

    Lending Instrument

    BASE can be utilized as a hedge for leveraged crypto trading. It can be considered an alternative to borrowing in BTC since it is less volatile. For example, if the value of BASE drops and they have to repay the loan they made, they can suffer less in terms of losses since it depends on the overall drop in the market.

    Base Cascade

    BASE Cascade is a program on the platform designed to reward BASE holders. This is because it also serves as their contribution to the liquidity of Uniswap’s pool. In order to take part in the Cascade program, users have to lock their BASE and ETH on the Uniswap liquidity pool. They get a percentage of the transaction fees based on the volume of trading in the pool as a reward.

    After they have deposited their BASE and ETH on Uniswap, they are given LP tokens, which is the token that they can stake to claim their rewards on Cascade.

    At first, the rewards multiplier for Cascade participants is at 1x. 30 days after they are staked, it increase to 2x. 60 days after, the multiplier becomes 3x. The increase in the multiplier happens everyday until it reaches the ceiling point, which is at 3x.

    Participation in Cascade is merely optional. Only the user can decided how much liquidity they want to contribute. Furthermore, they can withdraw at any point in time.

    Conclusion

    Devising new ways to expand the investment opportunities for the cryptocurrency market serves the purposes of adoption and new use cases. Base Protocol’s initiative to create a product that expands the exposure of its users to the whole crypto market can be a convenient entry point for fresh investments.

    Some of the factors affecting the arrival of new entrants to the crypto space include the volatility of some coins and the difficulty in selecting the best-performing coin. With Base as one of their options, not only are investors given a much safer alternative to investing in single digital assets, they are also given the opportunity to speculate on the crypto market as a whole. Given that this project could potentially bring new interest to the space, we can expect a more vibrant community if the project becomes successful.

    Disclaimer: Cryptocurrency trading involves significant risks and may result in the loss of your capital. You should carefully consider whether trading cryptocurrencies is right for you in light of your financial condition and ability to bear financial risks. Cryptocurrency prices are highly volatile and can fluctuate widely in a short period of time. As such, trading cryptocurrencies may not be suitable for everyone. Additionally, storing cryptocurrencies on a centralized exchange carries inherent risks, including the potential for loss due to hacking, exchange collapse, or other security breaches. We strongly advise that you seek independent professional advice before engaging in any cryptocurrency trading activities and carefully consider the security measures in place when choosing or storing your cryptocurrencies on a cryptocurrency exchange.

  • Polygon ($MATIC): can it solve Ethereum’s scaling challenges?

    Polygon ($MATIC): can it solve Ethereum’s scaling challenges?

    The Ethereum network has immensely pushed the boundaries of blockchain technology more than Bitcoin ever had, especially in the decentralized finance (DeFi) sector, where hundreds of different projects have been able to leverage the flexibility and effectiveness of the host blockchain.


    Unfortunately, the slow transaction speeds and high costs are significantly limiting the performance of Ethereum-based projects to the point that some of them are migrating to alternative chains like Solana and Binance Smart Chain. Yet the vast majority of applications still hold on to Ethereum, waiting for Ethereum 2.0 to fully scale the network.

    Ethereum is in dire need of a scaling solution that can speed up the blockchain’s throughput. Thankfully, Polygon is working on one of such solutions that would see the load on the Ethereum blockchain eased on parallel child chains.

    Background

    Polygon started out as Matic Network, a blockchain solution intended to speed up blockchain transactions and make them more accessible to the general public. Later on, the company refocused its objectives on the Ethereum network to furnish it with layer two scaling solutions. The name Polygon came along with the branding.

    The startup was founded by four Indian technologists, Jaynti Kanani, Anurag Arjun, and Sandeep Nailwal, who had a similar vision of a future where machines and humans interacted freely. The three entrepreneurs agreed that blockchain technology is a vital tool for achieving such a society.

    The trio was later joined by a Serbian tech maximalist and Ethereum enthusiast, Mihailo Bjelic. In a seed round announced on the 1st of August, 2019, Polygon received funding from MiH ventures through Crunchbase. Version 1 of Polygon’s SDK was scheduled to be released in March of 2021.

    What is Polygon ($MATIC)?

    Polygon is a framework that allows Ethereum-based applications to bypass the low throughput, high gas fees, and poor interface of Ethereum while still enjoying its support

    Polygon’s main component is its software development kit (SDK). The SDK is a flexible structure that allows projects to develop different sidechains that suit their needs. Necessary support is provided so that the alternate chains can interact effectively with Ethereum’s main chain.

    By arming developers with flexible and easy-to-use tools, Polygon accelerates the transformation of Ethereum into a multi-chain ecosystem. Its users would be able to create Optimistic rollup chains, ZK rollup chains, and other types of sidechains.

    But beyond being a mere framework, the Polygon platform is focused on connecting blockchains with one another, as well as the Ethereum blockchain itself.

    Advantages of Polygon

    The major benefit of Polygon is scalability, which the crypto space is in dire need of today considering that it takes forever for transactions to be verified on the Ethereum network, especially if you try to decrease the gas fees. Dapp developers have to pay so much in gas fees that it curtails their development and affects their offering to users.

    And this is the pain point that Polygon aims to ease, and they are on their way to scale the Ethereum network.

    Polygon for Developers

    Developers can build a network of scalable side chains to the Ethereum blockchain through Polygon; one with independent consensus algorithms on a more developer-friendly, Web Assembly (WASM) environment.

    Developers would be encouraged to build more and advance the general direction of the crypto industry, especially the DeFi sector. Polygon’s SDK does not require developers to have blockchain expertise. In fact, knowledge of these protocols is unnecessary in building from its SDK.

    Users would also benefit tremendously with more easy-to-use interfaces, near-instantaneous transactions, and low costs. If well-executed, this will likely propel the growth of Ethereum dapps to astronomical levels and will push the boundaries of crypto to include the masses outside the industry.

    Support, Flexibility, and Security

    Polygon permits incredible flexibility for the development of chains.

    Its modular nature allows developers to assemble products at unrivalled speeds. The easy assembly will also accelerate dapp development, effectively shortening the interval between the conception and deployment of blockchain products.

    Support would also be provided for easy interaction with users, as well as external systems. Token exchange, contract calls, and communication with oracles are also supported on Polygon. Furthermore, the products would be easily upgradeable.

    All these and more will be possible on Polygon without compromising on security. In fact, developers would be free to choose their approach to secure their platforms, using the modular “security as a service” feature on the Polygon framework.

    Above all, all products developed on Polygon would be compatible with Ethereum.

    Polygon Chains

    During the days of Polygon’s Matic network, an Ethereum sidechain that uses the Plasma framework was the landmark of its offering. The Plasma framework allowed sidechains to run independently, only interacting with the main blockchain when it was necessary.

    Polygon’s new platform sees it advance with the demands of the market by offering different chain networks that are attuned to Ethereum’s blockchain. And these are: stand-alone chains and secured chains.

    Stand-alone Chains

    Stand-alone chains have security autonomy, with each chain being responsible for its own security. Such chains have the freedom to choose their own validation methods. They can establish a personal pool of validators who ensure the authenticity of transactions directly on the blockchain.

    Polygon stand-alone chains
    Polygon stand-alone chains (Image credit: Polygon lightpaper)

    Secured Chains

    On the other hand, secured chains involve outsourcing the platform’s security to a third party. The third-party can be Ethereum itself, with its fraud-proof and validity proof pools. There are other independent, professional pools of validators that offer security as a service as well.

    Overall, secured chains often enjoy more reliable and tighter security even if they might have to sacrifice some independence.

    Polygon secured chains
    Polygon secured chains (Image credit: Polygon lightpaper)

    MATIC token

    MATIC is the only native token of Polygon, it is used to pay transaction fees and participate in Polygon’s proof-of-stake consensus mechanism.

    Conclusion

    Polygon’s vision is to launch whole blockchains that are scalable, secure, and have amazing interfaces, allowing decentralized applications to have an alternative platform to carry out transactions while enjoying the security and support of the Ethereum network.

    Meanwhile, the Ethereum dev community is also continuously working on the Ethereum 2.0 project (Serenity), which seeks to ultimately scale its blockchain to unimaginable capacities even beyond Visa and Mastercard.

    Disclaimer: Cryptocurrency trading involves significant risks and may result in the loss of your capital. You should carefully consider whether trading cryptocurrencies is right for you in light of your financial condition and ability to bear financial risks. Cryptocurrency prices are highly volatile and can fluctuate widely in a short period of time. As such, trading cryptocurrencies may not be suitable for everyone. Additionally, storing cryptocurrencies on a centralized exchange carries inherent risks, including the potential for loss due to hacking, exchange collapse, or other security breaches. We strongly advise that you seek independent professional advice before engaging in any cryptocurrency trading activities and carefully consider the security measures in place when choosing or storing your cryptocurrencies on a cryptocurrency exchange.

  • EtherDrops Review and Tutorial

    EtherDrops Review and Tutorial

    EtherDrops is a Telegram based bot designed to track major crypto markets and NFTs. Many crypto enthusiasts would use data tracking sites such as CoinMarketCap and CoinGecko, and these tools are excellent as ‘wikipedias’ for all the altcoins out there. However, for those with more advanced needs, there are much better resources available that can make your life easier.

    If you’ve been in crypto for several years, you’ll probably have a Telegram account. Most of the crypto projects in existence have official Telegram channels to keep their communities informed and up to date on developments, so the chances are you also use the messaging platform.

    This is just as well, because one thing that makes Telegram very useful is its ability to add bots that serve different purposes to the end-user. This is where EtherDrops comes in, so you can be part of the various crypto communities and track your tokens all on the Telegram app.

    What is EtherDrops?

    Originally created in 2018 as a tool to monitor Ethereum wallets, EtherDrops was mainly used to track the transactions of Ether ‘whales’ as well as one’s own wallets on the first smart-contract blockchain. 

    Four years later, EtherDrops has evolved into something much bigger than wallet monitoring. It is now integrated with Ethereum, Polygon, Fantom, Avalanche and BNB Smart Chain, providing a convenient place to track all your crypto activities within one Telegram bot.

    Users are equipped with simple-to-use tools to follow coin prices, as well as track and receive real-time notifications on wallet transactions, DEX and CEX swaps, NFTs, liquidity pools, Binance funding, gas prices, and more.

    By shaping settings according to your own personalized needs using a unique combination of advanced tools and instruments, EtherDrops becomes a simple yet essential bot that notifies you about anything you want, or alerts you to certain conditions. Thousands of investors, traders, and holders use it to navigate their crypto journeys.

    The bot already has more than 400,000 users on board and keeps growing steadily. With the product sending over 5,000,000 notifications daily, it’s no surprise that each day they welcome hundreds of new users onboard.

    EtherDrops Features

    Major features of EtherDrops include:

    • Price tracking; 
    • Wallet tracking;
    • Liquidity pools;
    • OpenSea integration;
    • Gas price notifications;
    • Integration with Telegram groups and channels; and 
    • Token distribution alerts. 

    Price Tracking

    Tracking the prices of various cryptocurrencies is a basic need for long-term investors or traders. Add coins by name, ticker or contract address. Apply your personalized settings to receive instant notifications about price changes and swaps.

    • Price Change Notifications – Set % Price Change to generate an alert.
    • Swap Alerts – Set $ Value to track Swaps on Uniswap, Sushiswap, Balancer and other supported DEXs.

    Wallet Tracking

    Add a wallet by its address to monitor incoming and outgoing transactions, airdrops, NFT transactions, and created contracts.

    • Transaction Notifications – Choose between different event types and set $ alerts to be notified about transactions.
    • Wallet Balance – Check Balances of assets and NFTs.

    Liquidity Pools

    Add a liquidity pool by its contract address and receive % pool changes should it increase or decrease within the specified range.

    • LP Changes – Set the % change value to stay on top of your added pool.

    OpenSea Integration

    Track the floor price and metrics of NFTs and arts on the Ethereum network. To follow your collection, add it by the name or address and set a % price change or generate a $ price target.

    Gas Price Notifications

    At times ETH gas prices can be really high and leave you with an eye-watering bill in fees to pay if you make a transaction. Set gas price notifications and save yourself a fortune!

    • Set Gas Alerts – Set Gwei amount to generate an alert. As soon as it hits the target or lower, you’ll be immediately notified.

    Check out our Advanced Tips and Tricks to Save on Ethereum Gas Fees:

    Integration with Groups & Channels

    If you are an admin or a community manager of a project using Telegram, or you run a trading group, your channel could benefit from integration with the EtherDrops bot.

    • All Bot Features in your Groups and Channels – The same alerts and notifications you set in your individual account can be applied to groups and channels.

    Token Distribution Alerts

    Token distributions often create market price pressure and increase capitalization. Be the first to obtain such info and assess market conditions to make a play in your favor (if you use Margin or Futures trading). 

    • Token Distribution – Receive distribution alerts from seed, private and other events for tokens that you’ve added to monitoring.

    Tutorial: How to use EtherDrops

    1. How to install EtherDrops bot

    To install EtherDrops, simply follow this link to open the bot in Telegram. It will automatically link the bot to your account. Here is an official list of the available EtherDrops install links. If you experience any delays with bot updates, you can switch to any other official link.

    2. How to add a wallet

    In the Main Menu, select “+Add wallet”. Tick ✅ which networks you wish to add to monitoring for your wallet and press ✔ Done (for example ETH and Polygon). Then type in your wallet address and name it. You’ll now be immediately notified whenever there are any transactions happening within the wallet, including NFT activity, in/out transactions, airdrops, etc.

    3. How to edit wallets

    In the Main Menu, select “Edit Wallets”. Choose the wallet you wish to edit. The menu with available options will open up. You can Delete, Rename, make it your Favourite (if ON, notifications with this wallet will be illuminated for better visibility), follow only IN, OUT or ALL transactions, check Balances, add/remove Networks for this wallet, set Alert Transactions filter (you’ll only be notified about transactions that are bigger than the specified threshold).

    4. How to add a liquidity pool

    In the Main Menu, select “+Add pool”. Choose the network. Next, enter the address of the liquidity pool. Enter the % liquidity change to create a notification. When the liquidity of a pool changes within your specified range, you’ll be instantly notified.

    5. How to edit liquidity pools

    In the Main Menu, proceed to “Edit pools”. Choose the liquidity pool to add additional settings. You can Delete, Rename, turn your Notifications ON or OFF for this specific pool, or change the % notification alert.

    6. How to add a new coin

    In the Main Menu, select “+Add coin”. Next, enter the contract address, symbol, or name of the coin. Choose the coin from the list and select network (ETH, BSC, ERC-20, Polygon, or CEX). Finally, enter the % price change and $ value for swaps (in case the coin is traded on a DEX) to create a notification. Now you are following this coin. Whenever there is a swap or price change within the range you specified, you’ll receive an instant notification.

    7. How to edit coins

    In the Main Menu, proceed to “Edit coins”. Choose the coin. You can Delete, turn your Notifications ON or OFF for this specific coin, change Price Denomination (in USD, BNB, ETH, BTC), change the price % notification alert, create a price alert (if a coin is x USD, you’ll receive a notification), or change swap alerts.

    8. How to add an NFT

    In the Main Menu, select “+Add NFT”. Enter the contract address or name of the NFT. Select the right one and type in the % price change alert to receive notifications.

    9. How to edit NFTs

    In the Main Menu, select “Edit NFT”. Choose the NFT. You can Delete, change % alert or price, set a new price alert, or turn notifications ON/OFF.

    10. How to set gas price alerts

    In the Main Menu, select “Set gas alert”. Type in the desired fast gas price to create an alert.

    Conclusion

    EtherDrops is a simple yet comprehensive one-stop tool for all your crypto tracking needs and continues to add new networks, coins, and exchanges as the market expands so you’ll never be short of what you need. It just takes one click and a few easy-to-follow steps within Telegram to get set up, and that short initial setup time proves to be well worth it.

    For a comprehensive tutorial on the more advanced features of EtherDrops such as quick shortcuts, special commands, managing profiles, how to set up the bot for groups and channels, and subscription options, read to the end of this quide. If TL;DR you can also watch a video tutorial here.

    Follow DropsTab / EtherDrops for more information:

    Website | Telegram | Twitter | Medium

  • 10 Best Smart Contract Security Auditing Firms in 2022

    10 Best Smart Contract Security Auditing Firms in 2022

    We have compiled an updated list of the top performing blockchain security and smart contract auditing companies in 2022, giving you comprehensive data and history of these firms for you to make the best informed decision possible.

    Why Do Smart Contract Auditors Matter?

    A lot has happened since 2020 when we last ranked the best smart contract auditors at the time. As the crypto space is evolving, so are hackers and scammers around the world. Web3 attacks are becoming increasingly frequent, and each day malicious players have found creative ways to exploit smart contract vulnerabilities for quick profit.

    One of the largest crypto hacks in history happened earlier this year when Wormhole, Solana’s cross-chain bridge, was hacked on February 2nd. The attack exploited a signature verification vulnerability in the network that allowed the hacker to freely mint 120,000 wETH, worth $325 million at the time. As a result, security audits are extremely important. According to an article by Hacken, though Solana may be blamed for providing the instrument with security flaws to its projects, Wormhole might have “prevented the incident by auditing the instruments it used.”

    Quality smart contract assurance helps identify potential issues, and ensure that the protocol is ready at all times to address any threat that could put its users’ funds at risk. However, there are no guarantees that a protocol will be 100% secure after an audit, but a good smart contract auditor can still perform thorough reviews to potentially prevent major vulnerabilities after launch. To keep up with the increasing demand in blockchain security, certain auditing firms have also branched out to offer other cybersecurity services such as penetration testing, running bug bounty programs, vulnerability assessments, and threat modelling.

    What Makes a Good Smart Contract Auditor?

    We have compiled our list of the top smart contract auditors this year based on a set of criteria. One of the first steps in finding a reliable smart contract auditor is to check the portfolios of projects they have audited. Doing so allows you to see the size and popularity of the projects they have audited, and more importantly if any of the projects they have worked on have been compromised. Larger projects tend to attract more attention from hackers, and if they have not been exploited for a long period of time, then it is a good sign that their security is up to date thanks to their auditor(s).

    The next factor to consider is the auditor’s expertise in certain blockchains. As of now, most auditors offer only Ethereum contract audits. Only some are specialized in auditing projects on altchains such as BNB, Solana or Polygon. This is because EVM-compatible chains have different architectures, and certain altchains use a completely different programming language, e.g. Rust for Solana. Different firms have different areas of expertise in auditing protocols built on different blockchains, so it is best to assess their level of competency before engaging them for an audit. For example, if you are looking for a Polygon-based contract audit, check the firm’s past audits for Polygon-based projects.

    Finally, it goes without saying but the quality of audit reports is an important consideration to look for in a reliable auditor. Different auditing firms have their own methodology and approach. In many instances, the scope of an audit varies according to the scale and complexity of the project as well as the auditor’s agreement with their clients. It is important to note that a good report should include a comprehensive description of all the problems that were found during the test and inspection, and the findings of the audit have been addressed by the project.

    Hacken

    Website: https://hacken.io/

    Projects Audited: 700+

    Major Clients: FTX, Avalanche, VeChain, Huobi, Kyber, Air Asia

    Chains Supported: Ethereum, EVM Chains, BNB Chain, Solana, Polygon, Avalanche, NEAR, Fantom

    Hacken is a leading cybersecurity consulting company focused on blockchain security. Since its inception in 2017, Hacken has been educating and growing the ethical white hat hacker community to continually nurture and build the blockchain security ecosystem. Who better to identify and address cybersecurity threats than a hacker? (https://www.kambioeyewear.com/)

    Hacken provides a wide range of security services including blockchain security consulting, web/mobile penetration testing, vulnerability assessments, coordination of bug bounty programs and more. The company also encompasses security products such as HackenAI Security Platform, hVPN, and hPass etc. Beyond just blockchain security ecosystem, Hacken has also partnered with non-blockchain giants like Air Asia.

    Over the years, Hacken has built a commendable reputation as a security risk assessment for companies requiring a digital environment to create or enable services for their consumers, which is why Hacken is certified as Web 3.0 security standard by two of the world’s largest cryptocurrency data aggregator Coingecko and Coinmarketcap.

    Quantstamp

    Website: https://quantstamp.com/

    Projects Audited: 200+

    Major Clients: Ethereum 2.0, Solana, BNB Chain, Cardano, Maker, Curve, OpenSea

    Chains Supported: All chains

    Quantstamp is a security validation protocol for smart contracts and is one of the most recognized auditing companies in the blockchain sector. Their security team consists of PhDs and security professionals with experience in top IT companies such as Google, Facebook, Apple, and Ethereum Foundation.

    Quantstamp specializes in auditing services of all programming languages designed for use in blockchain applications. Since its launch in 2017, Quantstamp has audited over 200 projects and helped secure over $200 billion in value. Its services include auditing layer-1 blockchains, smart contract-powered NFT and DeFi protocols, and developing financial frameworks for layer-1 blockchain ecosystems.

    Trail of Bits

    Website: https://www.trailofbits.com/

    Projects Audited: 500+

    Major Clients: 0x Protocol, Compound, MakerDAO, Acala, Balancer, yearn.finance

    Chains Supported: Ethereum, Polkadot, Polygon, Tezos, Arbitrum

    Trail of Bits is a cybersecurity industry giant with a long list of big-name clients such as Microsoft, Adobe, Reddit, Zoom, Airbnb, and Reddit etc. Founded in 2012, before smart contracts were even invented, the company prides itself as a network of developers with the capabilities of identifying and fixing loopholes in software, devices, and code. They have long developed tools that help developers find and fix critical vulnerabilities. Manticore is one of their signature tools, a multi-contract and multi-transaction emulator. Other tools include Cryptic, Slither and Echidna which are also blockchain-focused solutions.

    ConsenSys Diligence

    Website: https://consensys.net/

    Projects Audited: 100+

    Major Clients: 0x Exchange, Aave, Balancer, Uniswap

    Chains Supported: Ethereum

    Consenys is a US-based blockchain technology solutions company and is one of the biggest and prominent blockchain incubators in the industry. Unlike other security firms mentioned on this list, ConsenSys dedicates its resources and technological expertise solely to the development of Ethereum blockchain applications and software, especially financial infrastructures.

    Its signature product, MythX, is one of the most powerful automated scanners for Ethereum smart contracts, providing a solid API which developers can use to access security analytics tools. Over the years, ConsenSys has successfully protected over 100 Ethereum-based projects and uncovered over 200 issues. Apart from security auditing, the company also provides two other services known as Fuzzing, a bug-finding tool for first specifications, and Scribble, a runtime verification tool that translates high-level specifications into Solidity code.

    CertiK

    Website: https://www.certik.com/

    Projects Audited: 1800+

    Major Clients: BNB Chain, Polygon, The Sandbox

    Chains Supported: All chains

    CertiK is a blockchain security company specialized in formal verification and AI technology in collaboration with some of the world’s best cybersecurity experts to create end-to-end audit services. The company has developed “CertiK Chain”, a public blockchain focused on mathematically validating the safety of smart contracts through formal and manual verification. Other services of CertiK include Skynet, Skytrace and Penetration Testing.

    CertiK is an official partner company of Binance, and is also backed by numerous big-name firms such as Golden Sachs, Coinbase, Lightspeed, Matrix Partners, and DHVC.

    LeastAuthority

    Website: https://leastauthority.com/

    Projects Audited: 80+

    Major Clients: Ethereum Foundation, Chia Network, O(1) Labs, Protocol Labs, cLabs, Tezos Foundation

    Chains Supported: Ethereum, Chia Network, Tezos

    LeastAuthority is a cybersecurity consulting firm with its main focus on privacy. Using privacy-enhancing technologies, it classifies itself as an enabler of private and disruptive storage solutions. The platform offers two major products which are essentially storage architectures. The first, Privatestorage (formerly S4), is a centralized system that provides storage infrastructure to end-users and offers them the autonomy over the collection, processing and distribution of their private data. The second product, Tahoe LAFS, enables a decentralized, distributed and fault-tolerant storage facility.

    Apart from security audits, other services also include penetration testing, network and traffic analysis, and mechanism and incentive design. The company’s consultants work with developers throughout their development cycles to ensure that their projects are not susceptible to security threats.

    ChainSecurity

    Website: https://chainsecurity.com/

    Projects Audited: 85+

    Major Clients: yearn.finance, Maker, Compound, Curve, Rarible, Kyber Network

    Chains Supported: Ethereum

    ChainSecurity is a blockchain security firm led by security experts from the renowned university ETH Zurich. Similar to ConsenSys, the company specializes in Ethereum contract auditing. They have developed an automated audit platform that allows projects to thoroughly analyze smart contract designs, test their viability, and monitor metrics detailing their performances after launch. The company has worked with more than 85 Ethereum-based projects and helped secure more than $17 billion worth of assets.

    OpenZeppelin

    Website: https://openzeppelin.com/

    Projects Audited: 150+

    Major Clients: Ethereum Foundation, Coinbase, Compound, Aave, The Graph

    Chains Supported: Ethereum

    OpenZeppelin is a cybersecurity technology and services company known for its development of Solidity libraries known as “OpenZeppelin Contracts.” These libraries are used in most Solidity projects as a tested and standard template for contracts deployable on DApps. Developers can easily integrate these solutions into their applications through OpenZeppelin’s native SDK.

    OpenZeppelin was the first cybersecurity company to reinvent blockchain security by introducing elements of gamification to identify security vulnerabilities in smart contracts. “Ethernaut” is a web3/Solidity war game which challenges gamers to find and exploit loopholes in smart contracts to progress to the next level. The company also provides free services such as “Defender”, which helps clients automate their smart contract administration, offering a more secure and private transaction infrastructure.

    SlowMist

    Website: https://www.slowmist.com/en/

    Projects Audited: 1000+

    Major Clients: Binance, OKX, Huobi, Pancakeswap, Crypto.com

    Chains Supported: Ethereum, EVM Chains, EOS, Fabric, Solana, VeChain, ONT

    SlowMist is China’s leading blockchain security company founded in 2018. The team at SlowMust has over 10 years of experience in network security, specializing in smart contract audits, blockchain security, wallet security testing, and more. The company constantly tracks and publishes data about security situation on crypto exchanges through their Blockchain Threat Intelligence (BTI) service. Their most notable product MistTrack is a system that tracks the movement of stolen funds. Since its launch, it has helped recover nearly $1 billion in stolen funds.

    The company also offers security-related products such as anti-money laundering software, DarkHandBook (crypto safeguarding handbook), SlowMist Hacked (crypto hack archives), and FireWall.X (firewall for EOS smart contracts).

    Runtime Verification

    Website: https://runtimeverification.com/

    Projects Audited: 100+

    Major Clients: Algorand, Polkadot, Tezos Foundation, Ethereum Community Fund, NASA

    Chains Supported: All Chains

    Runtime Verification is a research and development company focused on verification-based techniques to perform security audits on virtual machines and smart contracts on public blockchains. The platform is a dynamic software analysis approach that analyzes programs as they execute, observing the results of the execution and using those results to find bugs. This solution designs standard models for high-value applications and uses them as templates to develop security-sensitive products.

    Runtime Verification has developed two main smart contract security products. The first, K Semantic Framework, offers smart contract correctness proofs to validate the viability of Ethereum and Cardano’s smart contracts. The second, Firefly, is a test coverage analysis tool for Ethereum smart contracts. The company has also worked with Ethereum Foundation on building a formal framework for Ethereum 2.0 testing.

  • DYOR: How to ‘Do Your Own Research’ Before Investing in Crypto Projects

    DYOR: How to ‘Do Your Own Research’ Before Investing in Crypto Projects

    There are tens of thousands of cryptocurrencies out there, with over 1,000 new tokens launched between January and July of 2022. Over time, people in the crypto community have realized that there are many bogus projects in the blockchain space whose sole aim is to entice unsuspecting people and defraud them. This makes it compulsory for everyone to research blockchain projects before making financial commitments.

    What Does DYOR Mean?

    DYOR (Do Your Own Research) is a well-known acronym in the crypto and blockchain space. DYOR means that people are encouraged to conduct due diligence and gather all the necessary information on projects before depositing any funds, especially for new projects. Adequate research protects new and existing crypto enthusiasts from scams and projects with no real value. By “doing your own research,” members of the crypto community can find viable blockchain projects and avoid fraudulent or deceptive ones.

    Why is DYOR Important?

    DYOR is important to avoid losses, especially from scams or fraudulent actors. The evolution of decentralized finance (DeFi) and blockchain tech has made it easy for creators to sell the promise of a revolutionary product and attract cash from the general public. Since anyone with enough technical knowledge can create an asset on a blockchain, people no longer require intermediaries such as banks and brokerages before investing in the opportunities available within the crypto market. However, without governmental checks and regulations on these intermediaries, it also means that there is a high risk that the average investor will fall for a scam or fund a project with nefarious intentions. 

    Furthermore, since there are no centralized authorities in the DeFi space, people have no place or authority to report their grievances should the project turn out to be a scam. Fraudulent development teams know this, and exploit it by making promises they cannot deliver. In addition, transactions recorded on a blockchain are immutable. This design is a significant reason DYOR is important, since funds lost to scams or harmful projects are usually irretrievable.

    How to Do Your Own Research (DYOR) in Crypto Projects

    Here are some tips on how to DYOR before investing in crypto projects:

    • Find the project team and its Unique Selling Proposition (USP);
    • Evaluate the project roadmap;
    • Check the project’s social media reputation and presence;
    • Research the project’s source of funds
    • Read the project’s whitepaper
    • Find Third-Party Audit Reports

    Find the Project Team and its Unique Selling Proposition (USP)

    People looking to invest or deposit funds must first find information about the project’s motives, purpose, and development team. The data could include the project’s past performance and detailed use cases of featured products. If a project team is anonymous, it should set off red flags in your head, as you should be wondering why they aren’t willing to put their name behind a project if it is reputable. Also, what is the project trying to achieve? Consider if it is actually something that there is likely a market for, and whether other competitors have attempted the same idea in the past and their results? 

    Evaluate the Project Roadmap

    Reading and understanding a project’s roadmap, which provides a strategic overview of objectives, milestones, deliverables, and resources, is an effective way to DYOR. You should also evaluate if the roadmap is feasible – this relates to the above research on the team and their background. A fake or deceptive crypto project may publish a roadmap that promises all kinds of products or features in a short time. These projects sometimes do this to excite new backers into believing the project is viable in the long run and things are moving along quickly. However, the roadmap may be too good to be true. If a project makes promises like partnerships, new products, plans to raise a large sum of money, and full government approval all within a short time, buyers should be wary.

    Check the Project’s Social Media Reputation and Presence

    Reputable blockchain projects usually have a verifiable social media presence and reputation. Checking the project’s reputation on major social media platforms such as Facebook, Telegram, Reddit, and Twitter gives insight into people’s thoughts about the project. See how other users are interacting with the community. Also, see if there are any questions or grievances concerning the project, and whether the team is immediately on hand to address them. 

    Research the Project’s Source of Funds

    Before making financial commitments to a project, it is important to determine whether a single individual or an established firm backs the project with capital and other resources. Prospective investors should also research previous projects backed by these sponsors to see if they were successful. Additionally, these sponsors should have a good reputation in the crypto community. This information can be located in the project’s whitepaper. 

    Read the Project’s Whitepaper

    All crypto projects should have at least a whitepaper that documents information and technical aspects of the project. Whitepapers contain critical information about a project’s development process, potential opportunities, and utility.

    Find Third-Party Audit Reports

    Many auditors, such as Certik, Hacken and Quantstamp review the code of blockchain projects before launch to ensure their security. These audits involve double-checking the code and testing it for vulnerabilities, which results in the funds within the application being much safer than a non-audited smart contract. Looking up the audit report of projects before investing is a sure way to build confidence in a project. However, people should be aware that a positive report does not mean that the project is completely safe, as there are instances where malicious code was added after the report was released. 

    Learn more about these companies and what they do: Top 10 blockchain security and smart contract aduit companies.

    Common Tools Used in Researching Crypto Projects 

    People researching crypto and blockchain projects should use multiple tools, common tools include CoinGecko, CoinMarketCap, Investopedia and social media. 

    CoinGecko

    CoinGecko is a popular market research source for blockchain projects. The platform provides detailed information on market caps, prices, and daily trading volumes of various crypto assets. In addition to being a credible source of crypto information, CoinGecko also provides crypto-focused podcasts, industry commentary, and daily newsletters. When going into individual asset pages, you can also find the token’s website and social channels, allowing you to continue your due diligence.

    CoinMarketCap

    CoinMarketCap is the leading platform for cryptocurrency market information and research. The platform provides market information on nearly all the crypto assets available. CoinMarketCap also ranks crypto assets and projects in real-time, using features like market capitalization or 24-hour trading volume to sort projects in order. Like with CoinGecko, make sure to check the individual asset pages for more information on a specific cryptocurrency.

    Investopedia

    Investopedia is a leading online resource in the finance space. It is a repository that explains related terms and contains news and general financial information. Investopedia explains many complex blockchain concepts in layman’s terms, making it an ideal platform for newcomers in the finance and crypto space.

    Social Media

    It is almost essential to sample public opinion about a project before spending money. Social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Telegram and Reddit contain raw and undiluted information from members of the crypto community who may have in-depth details about the project. 

    Although the information posted on social media may be unverified, these platforms can still be an excellent way to get much-needed information about projects. Posts may be from people who have lost money, made money, or those who noticed specifics that they considered to be red flags. However with everything on social media, always confirm that the statements being made are legitimate before you take them as truth.

    Conclusion

    DYOR is crucial for investors in the cryptocurrency and blockchain space. The absence of easy-to-understand information and lack of regulation somewhat makes scams more likely in the crypto space than in traditional financial markets, so never overlook the importance of research and verification. Doing the proper research before getting monetarily involved in any project is a concept that has more relevance in the blockchain sector than in many other industries because it is a disruptive and highly volatile sector.

  • Crypto Airdrops: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly

    Crypto Airdrops: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly

    Whether a blockchain project lives or dies depends on its capability to attract and grow its user base, and projects that are unable to gather or maintain their clientele eventually fold. To kickstart or encourage engagement within the community, these projects often find themselves doing token airdrops, using them to raise awareness and value for their products while also incentivizing new and existing customers. 

    Table of contents

    What is a crypto airdrop?

    A crypto airdrop is a method used to distribute cryptocurrencies to a project’s community of users for free, usually in exchange for participating in a campaign or owning other related assets. Airdrops are typically used as a marketing and awareness strategy to draw attention to a product or event. These projects may share tokens to existing users’ crypto wallets or encourage prospective users to register accounts to receive assets.

    Types of Airdrops

    Over the years, the airdrop marketing strategy has taken many different forms. Several projects have used airdrops to create awareness, promote features, and attract users. For instance, gaming metaverse ArcadeLand launched an airdrop in March where 850 participants shared a 2,000 USDT prize pool. Eligibility required simple tasks, including social media activity such as following ArcadeLand’s Twitter and participating in the project’s announcement channel on Telegram.

    There also was a MetaGods airdrop in November for 800 winners, including bonuses for the top 50 referrers. Participants also qualified for a $2,000 prize pool by completing tasks on Twitter and Telegram.

    The Sukhavati Network also launched an airdrop of 10,000 $SKT worth 6000 USDT to celebrate achievements, including an official startup sale on Gate.io and a MEXC listing. The prize pool was for a total of 1050 winners, with 1000 $SKT reserved for the top 50 referrers. Although projects use different types of airdrops depending on their aim for each one, the most common types include:

    Standard Airdrops

    During a standard airdrop, wallet holders receive small amounts of the new cryptocurrency in return for completing tasks, such as signing up for a newsletter or creating an account with the crypto project. Some projects require participants to complete a KYC (Know Your Customer) verification or provide their email and wallet addresses before receiving the tokens.

    Standard airdrops often serve as a good preface for projects to introduce themselves to the public. New projects, such as this recent airdrop hosted by Questian, attempts to pull in more attention by asking their community to complete tasks for USDT.

    Bounty Airdrops

    Projects that use bounty airdrops distribute their tokens among users who help to create awareness – usually across social media platforms. To be eligible for these airdrops, participants must perform simple tasks such as retweeting an official tweet, sharing a Facebook post, or creating Instagram media. Participants may also earn by referring new users. Although this type is similar to standard airdrops, the main difference is that crypto projects usually reserve bounty airdrops for people who help create public awareness. Standard airdrops are simply open to anyone who joins the project’s community via accounts, newsletters, or other similar channels.

    Exclusive Airdrops

    Blockchain projects usually reserve exclusive airdrops for loyal followers. In many cases, these airdrops automatically go to early adopters or users who are frequently active on the platform. Eligible members of the community receive these exclusive airdrops with no strings attached.

    Examples include a recent sudden airdrop hosted by MetaGods, which asks their community to simply drop their wallet address for an exclusive prize. The method was also utilized by AkiralGal, whose tweet asked their followers to screenshot their brand new AkiraGal wallpaper for more rewards.

    Holder Airdrops

    These are airdrops for users who already hold specific cryptocurrencies or tokens. So, to be eligible for these holder airdrops, users need to be holding a specified type and/or amount of a particular token by a specified date.  For instance, a new Ethereum-based project may offer free tokens to the Ethereum blockchain community, or a new exchange may offer its tokens to holders who own the native cryptocurrency of a competing exchange. 

    Hard Fork Airdrops

    This type of airdrop occurs when a permanent blockchain split creates the need for a new token to go with the new chain. While the previous blockchain still exists along with old tokens, users may receive tokens from the new blockchain via an airdrop. However, this does not happen with every fork, only with hard forks. A hard fork occurs when the community cannot decide how to move forward, and a new chain must be created via a split.

    Growth and Popularity of Airdrops

    Since the inception of cryptocurrencies, people have used digital assets to move finance to decentralized platforms. Several decentralized cryptocurrency projects have also emerged to satisfy the global need for decentralized finance, with many of them using airdrops to attract users. These projects usually airdrop a percentage of their total token supply shortly before or after an official launch. A recent example is the Looks Rare airdrop, distributing 12% of the total $LOOKS token supply to anyone in the OpenSea community that spent more than 3 ETH on the NFT exchange. 

    Another example of the popularity of airdrops was the recent MetaWars Alliance Gleam Campaign which features an extensive collaboration between multiple projects. Running from April 17 to April 22, the campaign had a prize pool of more than $20,000 open to 100 winners. The MetaWars Alliance Campaign had 9 partners, including Souls of Meta, MetaLand, Battle Saga, The Three Kingdoms (TTK), Bit Hotel, Age of Tanks, Mouse Hunt, MechaChain, and FitEvo. The initiative was yet another prime example of how multiple projects can use airdrops for cross-promotion that can help all involved projects gain much-needed traction. MetaWars successfully achieved this aim as the campaign saw nearly 232,000 different entries.

    The Dark Side of Crypto Airdrops: Scams and Controversies

    The need for blockchain projects to launch airdrops spurred the creation of several platforms that aggregate airdrops from promising projects. These platforms made airdrops a lot more popular, increasing the number of people who consider the method a channel for passive income and an opportunity to earn new crypto assets.

    (Beware of scams! This recent ApeCoin attack stole $1 million through hacked verified accounts)

    Unfortunately, the airdrop method has suffered its fair share of scams and controversies. As with anything tagged “free,” illicit players exploit community members’ innocence and use deceptive means to obtain funds from unsuspecting people. In March, a Twitter phishing scam pretending to airdrop ApeCoin tokens successfully stole $1 million from unsuspecting users. The Ape Coin scam promised users a rare NFT airdrop which can only be received after paying an ETH gas fee. The scammers then not only made off with the ETH fee, but because users had to approve and sign the transaction with their cryptocurrency wallets, the scammers were able to take the rare and often valuable NFTs contained in those wallets. Some notable NFTs stolen in this scam included Jay Chou’s Phantabears, Bored Ape Yacht Club, Mutant Ape Yacht Club and Doodles. 

    There was also a fake Azuki NFT airdrop where self-proclaimed Azuki affiliates hijacked verified user handles, got users to connect their Ethereum wallets, and made away with their highly valuable NFTs.

    How to Protect Yourself Against Airdrop Scams

    In light of these scams, members of the crypto community should adhere to certain precautions when participating in airdrops. The most important is the DYOR (Do Your Own Research) rule, which requires people to do extensive research on projects advertising airdrops before buying in. 

    However, scammers are keeping ahead of the game. For example in the ApeCoin airdrop scam, the scammers hacked into and hijacked the Discord servers for Doodle and BAYC, posting the faked website on the server to make it look like a legitimate announcement. The scammers also used faked Twitter accounts (including some from verified Twitter handles) to spread the fake links. 

    The following are other steps that help avoid airdrop scams:

    • Never pay for airdrops;
    • Check multiple sources and social media accounts belonging to the project to see if the airdrop is legitimate. For example, if a projects’ Discord server is being compromised they may make an announcement on their official Twitter or Telegram;
    • Never participate in an airdrop that requires user private keys or mnemonic phrases;
    • Protect personal identity and data as much as possible;
    • Avoid KYC airdrops if possible (although not always the case); and
    • Most airdrops require an email address. Users should create a new ‘burner’ email address to use only for airdrops.

    It might be impossible to create an exhaustive list of steps required to avoid scams because fraudsters get more creative with their illicit activities, but participants should always be on the lookout for airdrops that do not tick security boxes or have little to no information obtainable from research.

    Airdrops have many benefits in the blockchain space, such as marketing, building communities, and providing additional value to loyal users of crypto assets. Authentic airdrops help people earn extra income and provide additional utility with little to no effort. However, airdrops may be harmful to people who do inadequate due diligence or personal research. If an airdrop seems too good to be true, there’s a good chance it is.

  • Colizeum ($ZEUM): Bridging the Earning Gap Between Blockchain and Traditional Gaming

    Colizeum ($ZEUM): Bridging the Earning Gap Between Blockchain and Traditional Gaming

    The gaming market has seen impressive growth over the last few years and is still set for more expansion. According to a 2021 report, the gaming market’s valuation for the year hit $198.4 billion. The same report states that the market will register a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.94% from 2022 to 2027. By 2027, the valuation could jump 71.3% to $339.95 billion.

    Several factors contribute to the gaming market’s popularity, attracting more people to the sector. Game developers are continually improving options and general gameplay, a factor that keeps existing gamers interested enough to stay. In addition to improved features, there is also increased advancement in technology.

    The introduction of blockchain technology to the gaming sector is easily the market’s most significant advancement. Apart from the immutability and security of the gaming infrastructure and assets stored, blockchain also provides players with an opportunity to earn while enjoying their gameplay. Platforms like Colizeum are taking this further by stretching blockchain gameplay features past earning rewards.

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    What is Colizeum?

    Colizeum is an ecosystem bridging the gap between the blockchain and traditional gaming worlds. It is a play-to-earn platform that connects several games and related applications from multiple developers, providing a shared marketplace for developers and gamers alike. 

    Colizeum continuously closes the traditional and blockchain gaming gap through its Colizeum Software Development Kit (SDK). Conventional game developers can use the Colizeum SDK to effortlessly build blockchain games without the expected technicalities from decentralized applications. The kit also provides a cost-effective way for creators to design and publish games since there is no need for blockchain developer teams.

    Why Colizeum?

    There are several features the Colizeum ecosystem offers the gaming public. In addition to the ease of creating exciting play-to-earn games, here are a few points to note:

    • Earnings for All: The Colizeum ecosystem maintains an equal focus on gamer and developer earnings. As players accumulate rewards by participating in their favorite play-to-earn games, developers also earn from gamers and the entire Colizeum community.
    • In-Game NFTs: Colizeum supports low-cost NFT minting while checking other related boxes, including demand programming and multilayering.
    • Tournaments-as-a-Service: The Colizeum SDK allows developers to create multiplayer games in different modes and designs. Depending on game specifics, players can enjoy tournaments and earn by winning or simply participating.

    Colizeum is a fully-decentralized, anonymous, on-chain, and community-focused ecosystem. The platform also features an Attention Marketplace – a tokenized product that allows the direct monetization of gamers’ attention. Instead of going through Ad Exchanges that charge excessive fees and still keep a large portion of generated revenues, the Attention Marketplace enables transparent user acquisition and monetization via $ZEUM staking. Colizeum already has an exciting list of partners, including the Israeli Blockchain Association, IHODL, and Cex.io.

    Benefits to Game Developers

    • The SDK provides quick and inexpensive game development that can shorten developer timelines by up to 1 year
    • Creators can introduce a play-to-earn feature to any mobile game, attracting more players and allowing gamers to earn during gameplay
    • Colizeum is a cross-chain and cross-platform ecosystem that enables gamers and developers to enjoy the best of multiple games regardless of their host platform
    • In-game assets can be easily converted to NFTs
    • Since there are no middlemen on the platform, all processes are cheaper and faster

    Benefits to Gamers

    • Colizeum allows players to use one token across all games hosted in the ecosystem
    • In-game assets are tradeable as NFTs. This will enable players to earn more in addition to direct gameplay. Trading NFTs also serves as passive income for gamers
    • Enjoy earnings from any of the games hosted by Colizeum

    Tokenomics

    The Colizeum ecosystem has a total supply of 1 billion $ZEUM tokens available for different purposes. The seed round featured 6% or 60 million tokens, while 13% or 130 million tokens were available at the private round – both with 18-month vesting periods. There also is another 19% allocated to the Colizeum team, 5% to the DAO fund, 15% for strategic partnerships, and 8.650% for its in-game reward program. As a community-focused platform, Colizeum also allotted 10% (100 million tokens) to community incentives.

    Colizeum is set to be one of the largest play-to-earn platforms in the blockchain sector as it leverages flexibility and interoperability. Creators will be able to develop games that easily interact with each other, thereby adding to Colizeum’s credibility as the go-to play-to-earn host platform. Furthermore, the earning opportunities available to players across all games will attract more users and also appeal to game developers.

  • The 2.0 of Step.App – FitEvo: Advancing from Play-to-Earn to Move-to-Earn

    The 2.0 of Step.App – FitEvo: Advancing from Play-to-Earn to Move-to-Earn

    Play-to-Earn experienced a massive wave of adoption during 2021, as crypto-friendly gamers jumped on the opportunity to earn money while playing games. P2E games such as Axie Infinity, Star Atlas, and others saw a dramatic increase in user and revenue growth. However, after the initial hype wave over P2E games settled, what was left was a realization that many of these games lacked truly engaging gameplay, social features, and sustainable tokenomics.

    Fast forward to late 2021/early 2022, we witnessed a significant pivot in the blockchain gaming space: Move-to-Earn. M2E has taken the world by storm, with numerous projects popping up and their valuations skyrocketing. Among the younger generations, there is a trend towards self-care and maintaining a more healthy lifestyle as we continuously get reminded of just how much time we end up spending indoors. Covid lockdowns took this lifestyle to the extreme and forced everyone to spend time at home longer than many felt comfortable. Now there is a thirst for a more active, healthier life.

    P2E games have had (and continue to have) a good run, but M2E has managed to capture the interest of not only gamers, but also those blockchain enthusiasts who might not be fully on board with just spending time tapping away at their phone screen to earn their P2E tokens. However, every project comes with its own shortcomings. Let’s take a look at these shortcomings and how an emerging project – FitEvo has transformed its platform amidst this trend with a new edge.

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    Finding An Edge in the M2E World

    With popular M2E games such as STEPN, Genopets, and STEP, you’ll find that they share a common gameplay model in which the user acquires an in-game asset, be it a sneaker or a pet animal, and upgrades it further as they keep on exercising.

    But these features on their own are not enough to make an M2E game successful. The focus should be just as much on the social aspects and community engagement opportunities around a user’s physical activities, as it is on the earning and NFT upgrading experiences. And many of the games in this space seem to have forgotten what the most popular traditional social fitness apps such as Strava, FitBit, and MyFitnessPal have already done in order to expand their user base, and keep it engaged. 

    Strava, one of the pioneers in the social fitness app space, has achieved an enormous global user adoption, boasting nearly 100 million users. Much of this growth can be attributed to the app offering not only a feed of activities of their friends, but also other social features that are geography-centric and community engagement focused.

    This precedent for a successful M2E game is exactly the reason why FitEvo is so appealing in terms of fundamentals. FitEvo, an M2E dragon breeding NFT game, has the makings of an incredibly successful blockchain-based game, as they have incorporated many of the social features that people know and love.

    FitEvo: Focusing on the Interaction Between Individuals

    FitEvo aims to engage the masses through a powerful combination of NFT dragon breeding (evolving together with a dragon companion), and social features that gamify physical activity and human competitiveness, and bring friends and communities closer together.

    An engaging and fun dragon breeding game, FitEvo has been inspired by the greats, like Tamagotchi and Pokemon, taking it to the next level by syncing the user’s movements with the development of their very own dragon. In FitEvo, the dragon co-evolves with the user, creating a bond between the two. The hatching of eggs, breeding and evolving of dragons, will be intimately linked to the physical movements of their masters.

    And here is where FitEvo will really shine – the social and gamification features. For those familiar with the M2E STEP game, FitEvo will be like a new and improved Step 2.0, incorporating all the crucial engagement mechanisms that have made traditional social fitness apps so popular. If you’re one of those who didn’t manage to get in on STEP early on, it might be worth your while to pay close attention to FitEvo.

    The multiplayer feature alone will offer an enormous amount of value to the users, FitEvo allows FITamins(as the FitEvo community calls itself) to meet other like-minded and even geographically adjacent individuals by organizing group runs or other group exercises. Anyone who has ever tried getting back in shape with their friends cheering them up or even being right next to them, sweating off their own dietary sins, knows how much it helps to have someone give you motivation and some peer pressure at your lowest moments. This type of community support will be possible, with FITamins helping each other become their better selves.

    Of course, what would a fitness app be without some healthy competition? FitEvo will offer many opportunities to challenge others and stimulate their competitive neurons through classical challenges, as well as user-created routes with leaderboards.

    In addition to earning $FIVO tokens through movement, FitEvo has made sure that attention is paid to incentivizing more extensive user engagement beyond exercising and dragon breeding. Users will be able to collect Active Points through interactions, referral count, daily sign-ins, missions completed, community contributions, and more. The Points will significantly influence users’ earnings to the upside, so it will be in everyone’s best interest if they try to make the best of their experiences on the FitEvo app – and why shouldn’t they?

    Another interesting feature that we are yet to hear more about is the training programme, which will offer inexperienced users the opportunity to learn from the community and follow pre-planned exercise curricula without having to design them themselves.

    Incorporating all of these features will be no small feat for FitEvo, and it will be interesting to see how the project progresses forward. With such a clear edge over their competitors defined, it’s now up to the FitEvo team to deliver on these ambitions and rise through the ranks of the M2E space.

    To learn more about FitEvo, see: https://linktr.ee/FitEvoNFT